Biological Neurotoxin

1. See Also
   1. Chemical Weapon
   2. Pesticide
2. Causes: Animal Toxins
   1. See Also Marine Envenomation
   2. Snake Venom
   3. Scorpion Sting
   4. Tick Paralysis
   5. Black Widow Spider
   6. Scombroid Fish Poisoning
   7. Ciquatera Toxin (Ciguatoxin)
   8. Paralytic Shellfish (Saxitoxin) in Clams and Mussels
      1. Acute paralysis 30 to 120 minutes after ingestion
      2. Toxin similar to Tetradotoxin
      3. Caused by Gonyaulax species
3. Causes: Plant Toxins
   1. Mushrooms
      1. Amanita muscaria and pantherina (anticholinergic)
      2. Inocybe and Clitocybe species (parasympathetic)
      3. Coprinus atramentarius (Antabuse-like Alcohol effect)
      4. Psilcybe (Hallucinogen)
      5. Gyromitra esculenta or false morel: severe Neurotoxin
      6. Amanita phalloides (severe hepatotoxicity)
   2. Jamaican Vomiting Sickness
      1. Related to unripe ackee fruit ingestion
      2. Results in Reye's Syndrome type condition
   3. Chickpea (Lathyrism)
      1. Condition seen in Europe and India
   4. Khat
      1. Shrub in east africa and Yemen
      2. Leaves chewed for Amphetamine-like affect
      3. Central stimulant and Sympathomimetic effects
   5. Spanish Rapeseed oil (contains oleyl anilide)
   6. Plants with Depressants
      1. Toxins: Andromedotoxin, Veratrine, Solanine, Taxine
      2. Death Cama
      3. Lambkill
      4. Sheep laurel and mountain laurel
      5. Calico bush
   7. Plants with Convulsants
      1. Cicuta species (include North American Water Hemlock)
      2. Chinaberry
      3. Moonseed
      4. Pinkroot
      5. Carolina allspice
4. Causes: Bacterial Toxins
   1. Diphtheria
   2. Botulism
   3. Tetanus
5. References
   1. Goetz (2000) Neurol Clin 18(3):719-40