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Stingray
Aka: Stingray
- See Also
- Marine Envenomation
- Neurotoxin
- Marine Injury
- Pathophysiology
- Venom gland at spine (base of tail)
- Spine and/or venom gland may embed in wound site
- Symptoms
- Intense pain onset at time of sting
- Nausea or Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Muscle cramps
- Salivation
- Dyspnea
- Headaches
- Arrhythmias
- Radiology
- Consider for determining forign body
- Management
- Rinse wound site with water
- Remove embedded foreign bodies
- Do not remove spines embedded near vital organs
- Control bleeding
- Apply heat to area
- Heat inactivates toxin
- Submerse affected hand or foot in 108 to 113 mmHg for up to 2 hours
- Observe for signs of wound infection
- Antibiotics not indicated unless infection
- Update Tetanus vaccine
- Prevention
- Shuffle feet while walking through shallow waters
- References
- Habif (1996) Dermatology, p. 491
- Perkins (2004) Am Fam Physician 69(4): 885-90