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Seasonal Depression

Aka: Seasonal Depression, Seasonal Affective Disorder
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  1. Epidemiology
    1. Peak Incidence: Fall and winter (October to February)
  2. Symptoms
    1. See Major Depression Diagnosis Criteria
  3. Diagnosis: DSM IV Criteria (all must be present)
    1. Regular temporal relationship of Major Depression onset
      1. Occurs at the same time every year
      2. Usually occurs in fall or winter
      3. Unrelated to seasonal life stressors
    2. Full remission occurs at a specific time of year
    3. Two Seasonal Major Depression episodes in last 2 years
    4. No Non-seasonal episodes of Major Depression in 2 years
    5. Seasonal Depression episodes outnumber non-seasonal
  4. Associated conditions
    1. Generalized Anxiety Disorder
    2. Panic Disorder
    3. Bulimia Nervosa
    4. Premenstrual Syndrome
    5. Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
    6. Seasonal Alcohol Abuse
    7. Attention Deficit Disorder
  5. Management
    1. Light Therapy (preferred therapy)
      1. Light exposure early in day
        1. Synchronizes with circadian rhythm
        2. Terman (2001) Arch Gen Psychiatry 58:69-75
      2. Dose and Duration
        1. Exposure to 2500 lux for 2 hours per day or
        2. Exposure to 10,000 lux for 30 minutes per day
    2. Cognitive behavior therapy
      1. No studies to date to definitively support use
    3. Pharmacotherapy
      1. Indications
        1. High Suicide Risk
        2. Significant functional Impairment
        3. Recurrent moderate to severe Major Depression
        4. Patient preference
        5. Failure to respond to Light Therapy, Psychotherapy
      2. Agents
        1. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI)
  6. References
    1. Zal (March 1997) Consultant, 641-9
    2. APA (1994) DSM IV, APA, p. 317-91
    3. Lurie (2006) Am Fam Physician 74:1521-24
    4. Partonen (1998) Lancet 352:1369-74
    5. Saeed (1998) Am Fam Physician 57(6): 1340-6

Seasonal Affective Disorder (C0085159)

Definition (MEDLINEPLUS)

Some people experience a serious mood change when the seasons change. They may sleep too much, have little energy, and crave sweets and starchy foods. They may also feel depressed. Though symptoms can be severe, they usually clear up. This condition is seasonal affective disorder (SAD). It usually happens during the winter. A less common type of SAD happens in the summer.

What causes SAD? Some experts think it's a lack of sunlight during winter, when the days are shorter. In the United States, it is much more common in northern states. Light therapy, in which patients expose themselves to a special type of light for 30 minutes every day often helps. Other treatments include

  • Medicines
  • Changes in diet
  • Learning to manage stress
  • Going to a sunny climate during the cold months
Definition (MSH) A syndrome characterized by depressions that recur annually at the same time each year, usually during the winter months. Other symptoms include anxiety, irritability, decreased energy, increased appetite (carbohydrate cravings), increased duration of sleep, and weight gain. SAD (seasonal affective disorder) can be treated by daily exposure to bright artificial lights (PHOTOTHERAPY), during the season of recurrence.
Definition (CSP) specific disorder usually appearing in the second or third decade, characterized by symptoms of depression between late fall and early spring, sometimes followed by mania or hypomania; intense light is reportedly therapeutic.
Concepts Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction (T048)
MSH D016574
SnomedCT 191655007, 154876006, 154969002, 247803002, 192374007
English Affective Disorder, Seasonal, Affective Disorders, Seasonal, Disorder, Seasonal Affective, Disorder, Seasonal Mood, Disorders, Seasonal Affective, Disorders, Seasonal Mood, Mood Disorder, Seasonal, Mood Disorders, Seasonal, Seasonal Affective Disorder, Seasonal Affective Disorders, Seasonal Mood Disorder, Seasonal Mood Disorders, seasonal affective disorder, SAD - Seasonal affect disorder, SAD, SEASONAL AFFECTIVE DISORDER, SEASONAL AFFECTIVE DIS, depression in a seasonal pattern, seasonal depression (symptom), depression seasonal pattern (diagnosis), seasonal depression, depression seasonal pattern, seasonal pattern depression, Seasonal mood disorder, Seasonal Affective Disorder [Disease/Finding], seasonal affective disorder (SAD), seasonal affective disorders, SAD - Seasonal affective disorder, Seasonal affective disorder, Seasonal affective disorder (disorder), depression; seasonal, seasonal; depression, [X] Seasonal depressive disorder, [X]SAD - Seasonal affective disorder, [X]Seasonal depressive disorder, Seasonal depression
Dutch seizoensgebonden depressie, depressie; seizoengebonden, seizoengebonden; depressie, seizoensgebonden affectieve stoornis, Stemmingsstoornis met seizoengebonden patroon, Stemmingsstoornis, seizoensgebonden
German Saisonabhaengige Depression, saisonale affektive Stoerung, Jahreszeitbedingte Verstimmung, Saisonale affektive Störung
Italian Depressione stagionale, Disturbi affettivi stagionali, Disturbo affettivo stagionale
Portuguese Depressão sazonal, Transtorno Afetivo Sazonal, Transtorno de Humor Sazonal, Perturbação afectiva sazonal
Spanish Depresión estacional, Seasonal affective disorder, [X] Seasonal depressive disorder, [X]Seasonal depressive disorder, [X]SAD - Seasonal affective disorder, trastorno afectivo estacional (trastorno), trastorno afectivo estacional, Trastorno afectivo estacional, Trastorno Afectivo Estacional, Trastorno de Ánimo Estacional, Trastorno de Animo Estacional
Russian АФФЕКТИВНЫЕ РАССТРОЙСТВА СЕЗОННЫЕ, ЭМОЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ РАССТРОЙСТВА СЕЗОННЫЕ, AFFEKTIVNYE RASSTROISTVA SEZONNYE, NASTROENIIA SEZONNOE NARUSHENIE, EMOTSIONAL'NYE RASSTROISTVA SEZONNYE, SEZONNOE NARUSHENIE NASTROENIIA, SEZONNYE AFFEKTIVNYE RASSTROISTVA, НАСТРОЕНИЯ СЕЗОННОЕ НАРУШЕНИЕ, СЕЗОННОЕ НАРУШЕНИЕ НАСТРОЕНИЯ, СЕЗОННЫЕ АФФЕКТИВНЫЕ РАССТРОЙСТВА
Japanese 季節性うつ病, ｷｾﾂｾｲｶﾝｼﾞｮｳｼｮｳｶﾞｲ, ｷｾﾂｾｲｳﾂﾋﾞｮｳ, 感情障害-季節性, 季節的情動障害, 季節的気分障害, 季節性感情障害, 情動障害-季節的, 気分障害-季節的
Swedish Årstidsbundna affektiva störningar
Czech nálada - sezónní porucha, afektivní porucha sezónní, Sezónní deprese, Sezónní afektivní porucha
Finnish Vuodenaikamasennus
Croatian SEZONSKI AFEKTIVNI POREMEĆAJ
Polish Sezonowe zaburzenie afektywne, Zaburzenia nastroju sezonowe, Zaburzenie afektywne sezonowe, Choroba afektywna sezonowa
Hungarian Szezonális depressio, Szezonális érzelmi-indulati zavar
French Trouble affectif saisonnier, Dépression saisonnière, Trouble affectif saisonnier (TAS), Trouble dépressif saisonnier
Sources
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


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