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Trichomonal VaginitisAka: Trichomonas, Trichomoniasis

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  1. See also
    1. Vaginitis
  2. Epidemiology
    1. Accounts for 10% of Vaginitis
    2. Prevalence
      1. General gynecology clinics: 13-23%
      2. Prostitutes: 75%
    3. Transmission
      1. Sexually Transmitted Disease
      2. Men are asymptomatic in 90% of cases
      3. Often transmitted with Gonorrhea and Chlamydia
      4. Rarely transmitted by moist cloths
  3. Etiology
    1. Protozoan infection
  4. Symptoms
    1. Asymptomatic in 25-44% of women
    2. Copious, grayish-green Vaginal Discharge
      1. Fishy odor to discharge
      2. Frothy discharge (Carbon dioxide bubbles)
        1. Sensitivity: 10%
        2. Specificity: 70%
    3. Vulvar and vaginal Pruritus with irritation and edema
    4. Dysuria (20%)
  5. Signs
    1. Vulvar edema and erythema
    2. Strawberry Cervix (2-3% of cases)
      1. Punctate hemorrhages or Petechiae
      2. Telangiectasia
  6. Lab
    1. Vaginal pH > 5.0
    2. KOH Preparation
      1. Sniff Test positive
        1. Fishy odor to discharge when KOH added
    3. Wet preparation (from vaginal vault, not endocervix)
      1. Motile pear shaped Trichomonads with flagella (70%)
        1. Twice the size of White Blood Cells (WBC)
        2. GynVaginitisTrichomonas.jpg
      2. Efficacy
        1. Test Sensitivity: 60-70%
    4. Specific diagnostic tests (available as point-of-care clinic based tests)
      1. Osom Trichomonas Rapid Test
      2. BD Affirm VPIII Microbial Identification Test
      3. Efficacy
        1. Test Sensitivity: 83%
        2. Test Specificity: >97% (false positives are a concern in regions of low Prevalence)
    5. Other testing
      1. Gram Stain
        1. White Blood Cells over 10 per high powered field
      2. Culture of Trichomonas vaginalis
        1. Grown on modified Diamond media
  7. Associated Conditions
    1. Preterm Labor
    2. Test for other Sexually Transmitted Disease
      1. Neisseria Gonorrhea
      2. Chlamydia trachomatis
  8. Management
    1. General
      1. Treat Sexual Partner also
      2. Avoid treatment in first trimester of pregnancy
    2. Non-Pregnant, Non-Lactating Patient
      1. Metronidazole (Flagyl) 2 g PO for 1 dose or
      2. Metronidazole (Flagyl) 250 mg PO tid for 7 days or
      3. Metronidazole (Flagyl) 500 mg PO bid for 7 days or
      4. Tinidazole (Tindamax) 2 grams orally for 1 dose
    3. Pregnant
      1. First Trimester
        1. Clotrimazole 100 mg PV qhs for 7 days ($14)
      2. After First Trimester
        1. Metronidazole (Flagyl) 2 g PO for 1 dose ($5) or
        2. Metronidazole (Flagyl) 500 mg PO bid for 7 days
    4. Lactation
      1. Metronidazole (Flagyl) 2 grams PO for 1 dose
      2. Discontinue Lactation for 24 hours after dose
    5. Persistent or Recurrent Cases
      1. Metronidazole 500 mg PO bid for 14 days
      2. Metronidazole 2g PO qd for 3 days
      3. Metronidazole gel 5g PV bid for 5 days ($30)
      4. Povidone-Iodine Suppository PV bid for 14 days ($60)
      5. Clotrimazole 100 mg vag tab PV qhs for 7 days ($14)
      6. Tinidazole (Used in Europe; not available in U.S.)
      7. Paromomycin (Humatin) 5g intravaginally qd x14 days
        1. Higher rate of Vulvitis and local Ulceration
  9. References
    1. Mandell (2000) Infectious Disease, Churchill, p. 2894-7
    2. (1998) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 47:1
    3. Epling (2001) Am Fam Physician 64(7):1241
    4. Workowski (2006) MMWR Recomm Rep 55:1

Trichomonas Infections (C0040921)

Definition (MSH)Infections in birds and mammals produced by various species of Trichomonas.
ConceptsDisease or Syndrome (T047)
ICD9131, 131.9
MSHD014245
EnglishDisease due to Trichomonadidae, INFECT TRICHOMONAS, Infection by Trichomonas, TRICHOMONAL INFECTION, TRICHOMONAS INFECT, Trichomonas Infection, Trichomonas Infections, Trichomoniasis, Trichomonosis
Spanishenfermedad por Trichomonadidae, infeccion por Trichomonas, tricomoniasis, tricomonosis
Parent ConceptsProtozoan Infections (C0033740), Trichomonas Infections (C0040921), Unspecified other infectious and parasitic diseases (C0153325), Mastigophora Infections (C0085310), Infectious disease of genitourinary system (C1279264), Non-intestinal flagellate infection (C0343781), Disease due to flagellate protozoan (C1290825)
SourcesAOD, COSTAR, ICD9CM, MEDLINEPLUS, MSH, NCI, NDFRT, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Trichomonas Vaginitis (C0040923)

Definition (MSH)Inflammation of the vagina, marked by a purulent discharge. This disease is caused by the protozoan TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS.
ConceptsDisease or Syndrome (T047)
ICD9131.01
MSHD014247
EnglishLeukorrhea vaginalis - trichomonal, Leukorrhoea vaginalis - trichomonal, Trichomonal fluor vaginalis, Trichomonal leukorrhea, Trichomonal leukorrhea vaginalis, Trichomonal leukorrhoea, Trichomonal leukorrhoea vaginalis, Trichomonal vaginitis, Trichomonal vaginitis &/or vulvovaginitis, Trichomonal vulvovaginitis, Trichomonas Vaginitides, Trichomonas Vaginitis, Vaginal trichomoniasis, VAGINITIS TRICHOMONAL
Spanishleucorrea vaginal por tricomonas, tricomoniasis vaginal, vaginitis por tricomonas, vaginitis tricomoniasica, vulvovaginitis tricomoniasica
Parent ConceptsUrogenital trichomonas NOS (C0040928), Trichomonas Infections (C0040921), Vaginitis (C0042267), Vulvovaginitis (C0042998), Infective vaginitis (C0404521), Infective vulvitis (C0458509), Ambiguous concept (C1274012), Duplicate concept (C1274013)
SourcesCOSTAR, CST, DXP, ICD9CM, MSH, NCI, NDFRT, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)



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