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Chlamydial ConjunctivitisAka: Chlamydia Conjunctivitis, Trachoma, Adult Inclusion Conjunctivitis, Neonatal Inclusion Conjunctivitis, Neonatal Inclusion Blennorrhea, Inclusion Conjunctivitis of the Newborn, Cicatricial Trachoma

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  1. See Also
    1. Bacterial Conjunctivitis
    2. Conjunctivitis
  2. Epidemiology
    1. Trachoma responsible for 15% of world blindness
  3. History
    1. Trachoma first described in 16th Century B.C. Egypt
  4. Characteristics
    1. Trachoma
      1. Highest risk of trachoma in first 3-6 years of life
      2. Conjunctival scarring (Cicatricial Trachoma)
        1. Chronic follicular Conjunctivitis
        2. Chronic inflammation from recurrent infection
        3. Scarring complete by young adulthood
    2. Adult Inclusion Conjunctivitis (AIC)
      1. Affects <2% with genital tract Chlamydia
      2. Transmission
        1. Sexually transmitted infection (oculogenital)
        2. Historical: Non-chlorinated swimming pools (1900)
      3. Acute follicular Conjunctivitis >5 days post-exposure
    3. Neonatal Inclusion Conjunctivitis (NIC)
      1. Transmission during Vaginal Delivery
      2. Conjunctivitis onset 5-14 days after birth
      3. Associated with development of Chlamydia Pneumonia
      4. Initial watery discharge becomes copious and purulent
  5. Causes
    1. Chlamydia trachomatis
    2. Less common Chlamydia Conjunctivitis causes
      1. Chlamydia pneumoniae
      2. Chlamydia psittaci
      3. Lymphogranuloma venereum
  6. Differential Diagnosis
    1. See Bacterial Conjunctivitis
    2. Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis
    3. Gonorrheal Conjunctivitis (Newborns)
  7. Management
    1. Trachoma
      1. Azithromycin 20 mg/kg PO for single dose or
      2. Tetracycline or Doxycycline if not contraindicated
        1. Doxycycline 100 mg PO bid for 14 days or
        2. Tetracycline 250 mg PO qid for 14 days
    2. Adult Inclusion Conjunctivitis (AIC)
      1. Doxycycline 100 mg PO bid for 21 days
      2. Erythromycin 250 mg PO qid for 21 days
    3. Neonatal Inclusion Conjunctivitis (NIC)
      1. Erythromycin 50 mg/kg/day divided qid for 14 days
  8. Prevention
    1. Erythromycin or Tetracycline ophthalmic ointment
      1. Applied to newborns eyes within 1 hour of delivery
    2. Sexually Transmitted Disease Prevention
    3. Sexually Transmitted Disease surveillance in Pregnancy
  9. References
    1. Gilbert (2001) Sanford Guide Antimicrobial, p. 8
    2. Yanoff (1999) Ophthalmology, Mosby, p. 1.7
    3. Lietman (1999) Ophthalmol Clin North Am :

Inclusion conjunctivitis (C0009770)

Definition (MSH)An infection of the eyes characterized by the presence in conjunctival epithelial cells of inclusion bodies indistinguishable from those of trachoma. It is acquired by infants during birth and by adults from swimming pools. The etiological agent is CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS whose natural habitat appears to be the genito-urinary tract. Inclusion conjunctivitis is a less severe disease than trachoma and usually clears up spontaneously.
Definition (CSP)infection of the eyes characterized by the presence in conjunctival epithelial cells of inclusion bodies indistinguishable from those of trachoma; it is acquired by infants during birth and by adults from swimming pools; the etiological agent is Chlamydia trachomatis whose natural habitat appears to be the genito-urinary tract.
ConceptsDisease or Syndrome (T047)
ICD9077.0, 077.0
MSHD003235
EnglishChlamydia conjunctivitis, Chlamydial conjunctivitis, Chronic conjunctivitis due to Chlamydia trachomatis, Inclusion blennorrhea, Inclusion Blennorrheas, Inclusion blennorrhoea, inclusion blenorrhea, Inclusion Conjunctivitides, Inclusion conjunctivitis, Inclusion conjunctivitis due to Chlamydia trachomatis, Paratrachoma
Spanishblenorrea de inclusion, blenorrea por inclusion, conjuntivitis clamidial, conjuntivitis cronica por Chlamydia trachomatis, conjuntivitis de inclusion, conjuntivitis de inclusion por Chlamydia trachomatis, conjuntivitis por clamidia, conjuntivitis por inclusion, paratracoma
Parent ConceptsChlamydia Infections (C0008149), Conjunctivitis (C0009763), Eye Infections (C0015403), Other diseases of conjunctiva due to viruses and Chlamydiae (C0153109), Bacterial conjunctivitis (C0009768), Trachoma (C0040592), Duplicate concept (C1274013)
SourcesCSP, DXP, ICD9CM, MSH, MTH, MTHICD9, NDFRT, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Trachoma (C0040592)

Definition (MSH)A chronic infection of the conjunctiva and cornea caused by CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS.
Definition (CSP)chronic infection of the conjunctiva and cornea caused by chlamydia trachomatis.
ConceptsDisease or Syndrome (T047)
ICD9076, 076.9, 076.9
MSHD014141
BasqueTRAKOMA
DanishTrakom
DutchTrachoom
EnglishTrachoma, Trachomas, Unspecified trachoma
FinnishTRAKOOMA
FrenchTrachome
GermanTrachom
Hungariantrachoma
ItalianTracoma
NorwegianTRAKOM
PortugueseTracoma
Spanishtracoma, tracoma no especificado
SwedishTRAKOM
Parent ConceptsChlamydia Infections (C0008149), Eye Infections (C0015403), Trachoma (C0040592), OTHER DISEASES DUE TO VIRUSES AND CHLAMYDIAE (C0153111), Eye (C0015392), Diagnosis/Diseases Component (C0497531), Bacterial conjunctivitis (C0009768), Corneal Diseases (C0010034), Inclusion conjunctivitis (C0009770), Chlamydia trachomatis infection (C0518948)
SourcesAOD, COSTAR, CSP, DXP, ICD9CM, ICPC, ICPCBAQ, ICPCDAN, ICPCDUT, ICPCFIN, ICPCFRE, ICPCGER, ICPCHUN, ICPCITA, ICPCNOR, ICPCPOR, ICPCSPA, ICPCSWE, LCH, MSH, MTHICD9, NDFRT, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)



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