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PsittacosisAka: Chlamydophila psittaci, Chlamydia psittaci, Parrot Fever

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  1. Etiology
    1. Chlamydophila psittaci (Chlamydia psittaci)
    2. Bacteria found in wild and domestic birds (5-8% of otherwise healthy birds carry this infection)
  2. Risk Factors: Transmission
    1. Pet owners of birds (e.g. Parrots, cockatiels, parakeets, macaws)
    2. Poultry farmers (turkeys are among the highest risk)
    3. Poultry processing plants
    4. Visit to aviary
    5. Veterinarians
  3. Pathophysiology: Transmission
    1. Inhalation of aerosolized infective particles
    2. Exposure to feces, urine, nasal secretions, feathers, and dust of infected birds
    3. Some pet owners kiss their birds, therefore transmitting the bacteria
    4. Livestock, cats and dogs may act as intermediaries for human infection
    5. Human to human transmission is rare
  4. Presentations: Follows 5-15 day incubation period
    1. Subclinical, asymptomatic infection (common)
    2. Flu-like illness
    3. Mono-like illness (fever, Pharyngitis, hepatosplenomegaly)
    4. Typhoid-like illness (fever, Bradycardia, Splenomegaly)
    5. Atypical Pneumonia (fever, non-productive cough, Headache)
  5. Symptoms: Atypical Pneumonia
    1. Fever (>50% of cases)
    2. Non-productive cough (>50% of cases)
    3. Headache (>30% of cases)
    4. Myalgias and chills
  6. Signs: Atypical Pneumonia
    1. Fever
    2. Pharyngeal erythema
    3. Pulmonary rales
    4. Hepatomegaly
    5. Horder's Spots
      1. Similar to Typhoid Fever related Rose Spots
      2. Pink, blaching maculopapular rash
  7. Complications: Complications are rare
    1. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
    2. Pericarditis
    3. Endocarditis
    4. Hepatitis
    5. Reactive Arthritis
  8. Labs
    1. Complete Blood Count
      1. Slight Leukocytosis with Left Shift
    2. Liver Function Tests
      1. Increased Alkaline Phosphatase
    3. Blood and Sputum Cultures are not recommended due to risk of transmission
  9. Diagnosis
    1. C. Psittaci titers
  10. Differential Diagnosis
    1. See Atypical Pneumonia
    2. See Typhoid Fever
  11. Imaging: Chest XRay
    1. Lobar Pneumonia is most common
    2. Atypical patterns also occur
  12. Management
    1. Tetracycline 500 mg orally four times daily for 10-21 days or
    2. Doxycycline 100 mg orally twice daily for 10-21 days
  13. References
    1. Schlossberg in Mandell (2005) Infectious Disease, Chapter 178
    2. Schlossberg (1993) Arch Intern Med 153:2594
    3. Yung (1988) Med J Aust 148:228

Chlamydophila psittaci (C0008150)

Definition (MSH)A genus of CHLAMYDOPHILA infecting primarily birds. It contains eight known serovars, some of which infect more than one type of host, including humans.
Definition (CSP)bacteria in the genus of Chlamydophila infecting primarily birds; contains eight known serovars, some of which infect more than one type of host, including humans.
ConceptsRickettsia or Chlamydia (T006)
EnglishChlamydia psittaci, Chlamydia psittaci <Chlamydophila psittaci>, Chlamydophila psittaci, Chlamydozoon psittaci, Ehrlichia psittaci, Miyagawanella ornithosis virus, Ornithosis virus, Rickettsia psittaci, Rickettsiaformis psittacosis, TRIC agent
Spanishagente TRIC, virus de la ornitosis, virus de Miyagawanella ornithosis
CreditsDerived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Psittacosis (C0029291)

Definition (MSH)Infection with CHLAMYDOPHILA PSITTACI (formerly Chlamydia psittaci), transmitted to humans by inhalation of dust-borne contaminated nasal secretions or excreta of infected BIRDS. This infection results in a febrile illness characterized by PNEUMONITIS and systemic manifestations.
ConceptsDisease or Syndrome (T047)
ICD9073, 073.9
EnglishOrnithoses, Ornithosis, PARROT FEVER, Parrot fever due to Chlamydia psitacci, Psittacoses, Psittacosis, Unspecified Ornithosis
Spanishfiebre de los loros, fiebre de los loros por Chlamydia psitacci, ornitosis, ornitosis no especificada, psitacosis
CreditsDerived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)



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