II. Causes: Medications associated with Hypothyroidism

III. Causes: Medications associated with Hyperthyroidism

  1. Excess Thyroid Hormone intake
  2. Excess Iodine exposure (Jod-Basedow phenomenon)
    1. Dietary Iodine
    2. Radiocontrast Material (contains Iodine)
    3. Amiodarone (contains 37% Iodine)

IV. Causes: Medications causing Thyroiditis

  1. Amiodarone
    1. Type 1 Amiodarone-induced Thyrotoxicosis
      1. Increased Thyroid Hormone synthesis (pre-existing Goiter)
      2. Treated with antithyroid medications (and Beta Blockers as needed for symptom control)
    2. Type 2 Amiodarone-induced Thyrotoxicosis
      1. Destructive Thyroiditis results in increased T4 and T3 release into circulation
      2. Treated with Glucocorticoids (and Beta Blockers as needed for symptom control)
  2. Denileukin (Ontak)
    1. CD25 cytotoxin used in CTCL, CLL, Psoriasis causes Hyperthyroidism
  3. Interferon-alfa
    1. Autoimmune mechanism causes Thyroiditis with Hypothyroidism or Hyperthyroidism
  4. Interleukin-2
    1. Autoimmune mechanism causes Thyroiditis with Hypothyroidism more often than Hyperthyroidism
  5. Lithium
    1. Autoimmune mechanism causes Thyroiditis with Hypothyroidism more often than Hyperthyroidism
  6. Tyrosine Kinase inhibitors
    1. Thyroid uptake inhibition results in Hypothyroidism

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