Orthopedics Book

Ankle Disorders

Approach

Cervical Spine Disorders

Cervicobrachial Disorders

Elbow Disorders

Foot Disorders

Hand Disorders

Hip Disorders

Infectious Disease

Knee Disorders

Lumbar Spine Disorders

Miscellaneous

Shoulder Disorders

Thoracic Spine Disorders

Wrist Disorders

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Low Back ExamAka: Low Back Assessment

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  1. See Also
    1. Low Back Pain
    2. Lumbar Spine Anatomy
    3. Pediatric Low Back Pain
  2. Examination
    1. Standing Low Back Exam
    2. Sitting Low Back Exam
    3. Supine Low Back Exam
    4. Neurologic Exam
      1. Sensory Exam
      2. Reflex Exam
      3. Motor Exam
  3. Other findings
    1. Varicosities of lower extremities
    2. Peripheral pulses
    3. Skin Findings
      1. Cafe-Au-Lait Spots
      2. Hairy patches
      3. Lipomata
  4. Radiology
    1. Procedures
      1. Lumbosacral Spine XRay
      2. Lumbar Spine MRI (Most accurate)
      3. Lumbar Spine CT Myelogram (Less accurate than MRI)
      4. Spine Bone Scan
    2. Indication
      1. Not recommended for routine Low Back Pain <1 month
      2. Obtain for Low Back Pain with red flag symptoms
      3. Obtain when surgery is being considered
  5. Diagnostics: Electrophysiologic Tests
    1. Indications
      1. Suspected nerve root dysfunction
      2. Persistent leg symptoms beyond 6 weeks
      3. Not recommended if radiculopathy is obvious from exam
    2. Testing
      1. Needle Electromyelogram (EMG)
      2. H-Reflex Tests

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