Neurology Book

Cognitive Disorders

  • AIDS Dementia Complex

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AIDS Dementia ComplexAka: Dementia in HIV

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  1. Epidemiology
    1. Common complication in late AIDS
  2. Pathophysiology
    1. Cognitive, behavioral, and motor dysfunction
  3. Signs
    1. Early
      1. Impaired concentration
      2. Forgetfulness
      3. Slowed cognitive function
    2. Late
      1. Impaired rapid movements
      2. Hyperreflexia
      3. Release reflexes
      4. Weakness
      5. Ataxia
      6. Spasticity
      7. Bladder and bowel Incontinence
      8. Myoclonus
  4. Differential Diagnosis
    1. Toxoplasmosis
    2. PML
    3. Primary Lymphoma
    4. Meningitis
    5. Neurosyphilis
  5. Neuroimaging
    1. Cerebral atrophy
    2. Patchy, diffuse increased white matter signal intensity
      1. Excludes other causes
  6. Labs: CSF Exam
    1. Mildly elevated protein
    2. Mild Pleocytosis, predominance of mononuclear cells
  7. Management: Anti-HIV drugs (AZT)
    1. May improve neuropsychiatric performance
    2. May alleviate symptoms

AIDS Dementia Complex (C0001849)

Definition (MSH)A neurologic condition associated with the ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME and characterized by impaired concentration and memory, slowness of hand movements, ATAXIA, incontinence, apathy, and gait difficulties associated with HIV-1 viral infection of the central nervous system. Pathologic examination of the brain reveals white matter rarefaction, perivascular infiltrates of lymphocytes, foamy macrophages, and multinucleated giant cells. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp760-1; N Engl J Med, 1995 Apr 6;332(14):934-40)
Definition (CSP)neurological complications characterized by abnormalities in cognition, motor performance, and behavior due to HIV infection.
ConceptsDisease or Syndrome (T047)
MSHD015526
EnglishACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFIC SYNDROME DEMENTIA COMPLEX, Acquired immune deficiency syndrome dementia complex, Acquired immune deficiency syndrome-related dementia, Acquired-Immune Deficiency Syndrome Dementia Complex, ADC - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome dementia complex, AIDS - Acquired immune deficiency syndrome dementia complex, AIDS Dementia, AIDS Dementia Complex, AIDS RELAT DEMENTIA COMPLEX, AIDS Related Dementia Complex, AIDS with dementia, AIDS-Related Dementia Complex, Dementia associated with AIDS, DEMENTIA COMPLEX ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFIC SYNDROME, DEMENTIA COMPLEX AIDS RELAT, HIV ASSOC COGNITIVE MOTOR COMPLEX, HIV associated cognitive and motor complex, HIV Associated Cognitive Motor Complex, HIV Dementia, HIV Dementias, HIV-Associated Cognitive Motor Complex
Spanishcomplejo demencia-SIDA, demencia asociada con SIDA, SIDA con demencia
Parent ConceptsAIDS/HIV neuropathy (C0596049), HIV Infections (C0019693), Dementia (C0497327), HIV Encephalopathy (C0206019), Ambiguous concept (C1274012), Encephalopathy associated with AIDS (C1720723)
SourcesCSP, MSH, NCI, NDFRT, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)



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