Gastroenterology Book

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Emollient Laxative

Aka: Emollient Laxative, Stool Softener, Docusate, Colace, Mineral Oil, Glycerin
  1. See Also
    1. Laxative
    2. Constipation
    3. Functional Constipation
    4. Pediatric Constipation
    5. Neonatal Constipation
  2. Mechanism
    1. Theoretically softens stool
      1. Allow water and fat to penetrate the fecal mass
    2. Effect probably due to induced Secretory Diarrhea
    3. Slow onset of action (24 to 48 hours)
  3. Precautions
    1. Do not use longterm
    2. Docusate enhances intestinal Mineral Oil absorption
      1. Do not use Docusate with Mineral Oil preparations
    3. May also increase absorption of other medications
    4. Risk of hepatotoxicity
  4. Efficacy
    1. Some studies suggest no greater effect than Placebo
  5. Preparations
    1. Docusate Sodium or Dioctyl sulfosuccinate (Colace)
      1. Onset of action within 24-72 hours
      2. Adult
        1. Twice daily: 100 mg PO bid
        2. Once daily: 200 mg PO qhs
        3. Maximum daily total dose: 400 mg
      3. Pediatric
        1. Age <3 years: 10-40 mg per dose
        2. Age 3-6 years: 20-60 mg per dose
    2. Docusate Calcium (Surfak)
      1. Adult: 240 mg PO qd
      2. Child: 50-150 mg qd
    3. Mineral Oil (use caution due to aspiration risk)
      1. Contraindications
        1. Risk of Aspiration Pneumonia (lipoid Pneumonia)
        2. Risk of malabsorption
      2. General dosing
        1. Give chilled in juice to maximize tolerability
        2. Coadminister multivitamin daily if used chronically
      3. Child Dose (over 18 months of age)
        1. Low: 1-3 cc/kg/day divided daily to twice daily
          1. Used in maintenance of bowel regimen
        2. High dose: 15-30 ml per age in years up to 240 ml
          1. Used in acute disimpaction
          2. May repeat daily for 3-4 days
      4. Adult Dose: 5-45 ml PO qhs
    4. Glycerin Suppository
      1. One Suppository (Adult or Pediatric) PR prn
      2. Indicated in Constipation in Infants

Emollient cathartic (C1636159)

Concepts Pharmacologic Substance (T121)
SnomedCT 418299007
Spanish catártico emoliente (sustancia), catártico emoliente
English Emollient cathartic (substance), Emollient cathartic
Sources
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Docusate (C1692318)

Concepts Organic Chemical (T109) , Pharmacologic Substance (T121)
MSH D004143
SnomedCT 418528006, 418700002
English Docusate, DOSS, Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate, Dioctylsulfosuccinate, docusate, Dioctyl Sulfosuccinate [Chemical/Ingredient], dossing, doss, dioctylsulfosuccinate, docusates, DOCUSATE, Dioctyl sulfosuccinate, Dioctyl sulphosuccinate, Docusate (product), Docusate (substance)
Spanish docusato (producto), docusato (sustancia), docusato, Docusato
Portuguese Docusato
German DOSS, Docusat, Dioctylsulfosuccinat
Sources
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Glycerin (C0017861)

Definition (MSH) A trihydroxy sugar alcohol that is an intermediate in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. It is used as a solvent, emollient, pharmaceutical agent, and sweetening agent.
Definition (CSP) 1,2,3-trihydroxypropane, a key intermediate in glucose metabolism; also serves as the bridge between hydrophobic "tails" and hydrophilic "heads" of many membrane lipids; reagent is used as a water-soluble solvent and lubricant.
Definition (NCI) A trihydroxyalcohol with localized osmotic diuretic and laxative effects. Glycerin elevates the blood plasma osmolality thereby extracting water from tissues into interstitial fluid and plasma. This agent also prevents water reabsorption in the proximal tubule in the kidney leading to an increase in water and sodium excretion and a reduction in blood volume. Administered rectally, glycerin exerts a hyperosmotic laxative effect by attracting water into the rectum, thereby relieving constipation. In addition, glycerin is used as a solvent, humectant and vehicle in various pharmaceutical preparations.
Concepts Organic Chemical (T109) , Pharmacologic Substance (T121) , Biologically Active Substance (T123)
MSH D005990
SnomedCT 59018003, 259474004, 80582002, 387330004, 346459006, 225749008, 404833002
English 1,2,3-Trihydroxypropane, Glycerine, Glycerol, glycerol, Glycerin (Obsolete), Glycerin preparation (product), Glycerin preparation, Glycerol analyte (substance), Glycerin (substance), Glycerol analyte, laxatives glycerin, 1,2,3-propanetriol, glycerin (medication), Glycerol product (product), Glycerol - chemical (substance), Glycerol - chemical, Glycerol product, Glycerin, GLYCERIN, Glycerol [Chemical/Ingredient], glycerine, glycerin, 1,2,3-Propanetriol, Glycerol (substance), Glycerol (product), Glycerin preparation (substance)
French 1,2,3-Propanetriol, Propane-1,2,3-triol, Glycérine, Glycérol
Swedish Glycerol
Spanish análito de glicerol (sustancia), 1,2,3-propanotriol, glicerina (producto), glicerina, análito de glicerol, preparado de glicerina, Glycerol product, Glycerol - chemical, glicerina (sustancia), glicerol (sustancia), glicerol, preparado de glicerina (sustancia), glicerol (producto), Glicerina, Glicerol
Czech glycerol, glycerin
Finnish Glyseroli
German Glycerol, Glycerin, Glycerinum, Glyzerin, Glyzerol
Russian GLITSEROL, GLITSERIN, ГЛИЦЕРИН, ГЛИЦЕРОЛ
Japanese グリセリン, グリセロール
Croatian Not Translated[Glycerol]
Polish Propanotriol, Glicerol, Gliceryna
Italian Glicerolo
Portuguese Glicerina, Glicerol
Sources
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Stool Softener (C0301470)

Concepts Pharmacologic Substance (T121)
SnomedCT 11783005, 419248006
English Fecal softener, NOS, Stool softener, NOS, Faecal softener, NOS, STOOL SOFTENER, stool softeners (medication), stool softeners, Stool Softener, [GA205] STOOL SOFTENER, stool softener, softener stool, softeners stool, Fecal softener, Faecal softener, Stool softener (product), Stool softener, Stool softener (substance)
Spanish ablandador fecal, laxante emoliente (sustancia), laxante emoliente, ablandador de heces, ablandador de materia fecal (producto), ablandador de materia fecal (sustancia), ablandador de materia fecal
Sources
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Mineral Oil (C0026156)

Definition (NCI) A type of oil that is made from petroleum (mixture of oily liquids found in the earth). Mineral oil is used in laxatives, lubricants, creams, and lotions.
Definition (MSH) A mixture of liquid hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum. It is used as laxative, lubricant, ointment base, and emollient.
Definition (NCI) A mixture of liquid paraffinic, naphthenic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum in which the amount and types of aromatic hydrocarbons is dependent on the treatment process. Untreated and mildly treated mineral oils contain the highest amount of aromatic and unsaturated compounds and are primarily used as a lubricant base oil to produce further refined oil products. Exposure to these types of mineral oils can cause rapid respiration, cyanosis, tachycardia and low-grade fever. Untreated and mildly treated mineral oils are strongly associated with an increased risk of scrotal and skin cancer but can also cause gastrointestinal, rectal, bladder and certain respiratory-tract cancers. (NCI05)
Concepts Lipid (T119) , Pharmacologic Substance (T121)
MSH D008899
SnomedCT 330786000, 48350004, 398763008, 111089004, 354035004, 317567003
English Paraffin, liquid, Mineral oils, Liquid Paraffin, Oil, Mineral, Petrolatum, Liquid, Hydrocarbon oils, Liquid paraffin [eye], Liquid paraffin [laxative], MINERAL OIL MISC. OIL, MINERAL OIL ORAL OIL, MINERAL OIL @ @ OIL, MINERAL OIL OIL, Liquid paraffin [eye] (product), Liquid petrolatum (substance), Liquid petrolatum, Mineral oil (product), Liquid paraffin [laxative] (product), mineral oil (medication), laxatives mineral oil, Paraffin, Liquid, Liquid Petrolatum, Paraffinum Liquidum, White Mineral Oil, MINERAL OIL, Mineral Oil [Chemical/Ingredient], liquid paraffin, mineral oils, oil mineral, liquid petrolatum, white mineral oil, mineral oil, MINERAL OIL@@ORAL@OIL (ML), MINERAL OIL MISCELL OIL (ML), MINERAL OIL@@MISCELL@OIL (ML), MINERAL OIL ORAL OIL (ML), MINERAL OIL@@ORAL@OIL, Mineral Oil Oil, Mineral Oil Topical application Oil [RELIABLE DRUGS], Mineral Oil (Bulk), Mineral oil, Liquid paraffin, Paraffin liquid, White mineral oil, Liquid paraffin product (product), Liquid paraffin product, Mineral oil (substance), Liquid paraffin [eye] (substance), Liquid paraffin [laxative] (substance), Liquid paraffin product (substance), Mineral Oil, PARAFFIN,LIQUID, Mineral Oil Oral Oil
Czech minerální olej
Spanish parafina líquida (ocular), petrolato líquido, parafina líquida (laxante) (producto), petrolato líquido (sustancia), aceite mineral, parafina líquida (laxante), aceite mineral (producto), parafina líquida (ocular) (producto), parafina líquida, producto (producto), parafina líquida (producto), parafina líquida, producto, aceite mineral blanco, parafina líquida (sustancia), parafina líquida, Aceite Mineral, Parafina Liquida, Petrolato Liquido, Petrolato Líquido
Finnish Parafiiniöljy
Russian MASLO VAZELINOVOE, PETROLATUM ZHIDKII, VAZELINOVOE MASLO, MINERAL'NOE MASLO, PARAFIN ZHIDKII, ВАЗЕЛИНОВОЕ МАСЛО, МАСЛО ВАЗЕЛИНОВОЕ, МИНЕРАЛЬНОЕ МАСЛО, ПАРАФИН ЖИДКИЙ, ПЕТРОЛАТУМ ЖИДКИЙ
Japanese 鉱油, 流動パラフィン, 流動ワセリン, ミネラルオイル
Italian Petrolato liquido, Paraffina liquida, Olio minerale
Swedish Mineralolja
Polish Olej mineralny, Parafina ciekła
French Huile paraffine, Huile vaseline, Paraffine, huile
German Flüssiges Paraffin, Mineralöl, Paraffin, flüssiges, Paraffinöl
Portuguese Parafina Líquida, Petrolato Líquido, Óleo Mineral
Sources
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Colace (C0282139)

Concepts Organic Chemical (T109) , Pharmacologic Substance (T121)
MSH D004143
German Colace
English colace, Colace
Sources
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


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