II. Causes: Proximal and Distal Sensorimotor Asymmetric Neuropathy (Type 3)

  1. Radiculopathy (e.g. Lumbar Disc Disease)
  2. Plexopathy
    1. Brachial (e.g. Stinger, Thoracic Outlet Syndrome)
    2. Lumbosacral (e.g. HSV, VZV, CMV, HIV)

III. Causes: Distal Asymmetric Neuropathy

IV. Causes: Focal Neuropathy (Mononeuropathy)

  1. Characteristics
    1. Primarily sensory Neuropathy (e.g. pain and Paresthesias)
    2. Motor symptoms (e.g. Muscle Weakness, atrophy) occur in severe or chronic cases
  2. Causes
    1. Acromegaly
    2. Amyloidosis
    3. Cancer infiltration
    4. Direct nerve Trauma (e.g. Burn Injury, frost bite, Radiation Injury, traction)
    5. Entrapment Neuropathy
    6. Ischemic injury
    7. Leprosy
    8. Myxedema (Hypothyroidism)
    9. Rheumatoid Arthritis
    10. Sarcoidosis

V. Causes: Multifocal Neuropathy (Mononeuropathy Multiplex)

  1. Characteristics
    1. Asymmetric, multifocal sensory (pain, Paresthesias, proprioception), motor (weakness, atrophy) deficits
    2. Autonomic deficits may occur
  2. Causes
    1. Connective Tissue Disorders and Vasculitis
    2. Diabetes Mellitus
    3. Hereditary predisposition to Compression Neuropathy
    4. HIV Infection or AIDS
    5. Leprosy

VI. References

  1. Gallagher in Marx (2002) Rosen's Emergency Med, p. 1506
  2. Pryse-Phillips in Noble (2001) Primary Care, p. 1579
  3. Castelli (2020) Am Fam Physician 102(12): 732-9 [PubMed]

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