Picornaviridae

Aka: Picornaviridae, Picornaviruses, Enterovirus, Coxsackievirus Infection, Coxsackie Virus, Echovirus, Echovirus Infection

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II. Pathophysiology

  1. Picornaviridae are a family of non-enveloped (naked) RNA Viruses with an icosahedral capsid
  2. Picornaviridae are Message Sense RNA Viruses (Positive Stranded, +ssRNA)
    1. Message sense RNA (+ssRNA) are identical to Messenger RNA (mRNA)
    2. Like mRNA, +ssRNA may be immediately translated by host ribosomes into Protein

III. Types: Enterovirus

  1. Background
    1. Enteroviruses infect small intestinal epithelial cells (peyer's patches) and lymphoid cells (Tonsils)
    2. Enteroviruses may also infect other tissue (e.g. Neurons) depending on the specific virus
    3. Transmission in pharyngeal secretions and via fecal-oral route
  2. Poliovirus
    1. Asymptomatic, subclinical or mild febrile illness (96%)
    2. Aseptic Meningitis (complete resolution in <1 week)
    3. Paralytic Poliomyelitis (1%)
  3. Coxsackie Virus A
    1. Herpangina
    2. Hand Foot and Mouth Disease
    3. Upper Respiratory Infection
    4. Aseptic Meningitis
  4. Coxsackie Virus B
    1. Epidemic Pleurodynia
    2. Myocarditis or Pericarditis
    3. Upper Respiratory Infection
    4. Aseptic Meningitis
  5. Echovirus (enteric cytopathic human orphan virus)
    1. Upper Respiratory Infection (summer, esp. in children)
    2. Croup (Echovirus 11)
    3. Aseptic Meningitis
    4. Epidemic Pleurodynia

IV. Types: Other Picornaviruses

  1. Rhinovirus
    1. Common Cold Viruses (>100 serotypes)
  2. Hepatovirus
    1. Hepatitis A Virus
  3. Parechovirus (PeV)
    1. Common virus that may be asymptomatic or cause fever, rash, URI or Diarrhea
    2. May cause serious disease in newborns (e.g. Meningitis, Encephalitis)

V. Resources

  1. Picornaviridae (Wikipedia)
    1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picornavirus

VI. References

  1. Tuthill (2010) Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 343:43-89 +PMID: 20397067 [PubMed]

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