Pentamidine

Aka: Pentamidine, Pentam, NebuPent

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II. Indications: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

  1. Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia Treatment
  2. Pneumocystis prophylaxis

III. Dosing

  1. Pneumocystis Pneumonia Treatment
    1. Parenteral: 4 mg/kg/day IV or IM
  2. Pneumocystis prophylaxis
    1. Nebulized (NebuPent): 300 mg nebulized every 4 weeks

IV. Adverse Reactions

  1. Neutropenia (15%)
  2. Thrombocytopenia
  3. Hypocalcemia
  4. Nephrotoxicity and Renal Insufficiency
  5. Hepatitis
  6. Pancreatitis
  7. Dysglycemia (20% treated for 3 weeks)
    1. Pentamidine causes pancreatic islet cell toxicity
    2. Hypoglycemia
    3. Hyperglycemia
  8. Gastrointestinal Upset (Nausea or Vomiting)
  9. Rash

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