Neurologic Manifestations of HIV

Aka: Neurologic Manifestations of HIV, HIV Related Neurologic Complications, HIV Infection with Neurologic Disease

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II. Epidemiology

  1. HIV patients with neurologic complications: 39-70%

III. Symptoms: Common presentations

  1. Seizures
  2. Headache
  3. Fever
  4. Focal neurological deficits
    1. See Focal Brain Lesion in HIV
  5. Aseptic Meningitis at time of seroconversion
    1. See Acute Retroviral Syndrome
    2. CSF shows lymphocytic Pleocytosis and high Protein

IV. Associated Conditions: Neurologic

  1. AIDS Dementia Complex
  2. HIV related Myelopathy
  3. HIV Related Neuropathy
  4. Headache in HIV
  5. Primary Central Nervous SystemLymphoma
    1. Presents with Headache, Blurred Vision, Seizures, personality or cognitive changes
    2. MRI demonstrates solitary white matter lesions with mild edema
    3. Diagnosed with CSF Examination, brain biopsy
  6. CNS Infections
    1. See Focal Brain Lesion in HIV
    2. HIV-Related Encephalopathy
    3. Cryptococcal Meningitis
    4. Toxoplasmosis (CNS Infection)
    5. Neurosyphilis
    6. Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy
    7. Viral meningoencephalitis
      1. Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
      2. Herpes Simplex VirusEncephalitis (HSV Encephalitis)
      3. Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV)

V. References

  1. Chu (2017) Am Fam Physician 96(3): 161-9 [PubMed]

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