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Ankle Disorders

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Foot Progression AngleAka: Gait Rotational Angle

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  1. See Also
    1. Pediatric Foot Evaluation
  2. Indication
    1. Pediatric gait abnormality
    2. Intoeing evaluation
  3. Technique
    1. Observe child walk
    2. Evaluate foot long axis relative to line of walking
      1. Imagine line from heel to second to third toe
      2. Estimate angle of foot deviating from this line
  4. Interpretation: Normal rotational angles (varies by age)
    1. Age 1: -4 to 19 degrees (mean 7 degrees)
    2. Age 3: -4 to 17 degrees (mean 6 degrees)
    3. Age 5: -4 to 15 degrees (mean 5 degrees)
    4. Age 7: -4 to 15 degrees (mean 5 degrees)
    5. Age 9: -4 to 14 degrees (mean 4 degrees)
  5. Interpretation: Abnormal
    1. See In-Toeing (negative rotation angles)
    2. See Out-toeing
  6. References
    1. Schmale (2003) AAFP Board Review, Seattle

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