http://www.fpnotebook.com/
S4 Heart SoundAka: S4 Gallop, S4 Gallup Rhythm, Fourth Heart Sound
- Signs
- S4, S1, S2 Sound like "Ten-ne-see" (dub-lub-dub)
- Causes
- Normal in athletes and the elderly
- Stiff Left Ventricle
- Hypertension
- Coronary Artery Disease
- Aortic Stenosis
- Cardiomyopathy
