II. Efficacy
- Regular Coffee drinking appears to decrease mortality (including cardiovascular) in multiple studies
- Effects are also seen with decaffeinated Coffee (benefits not limited to Caffeine)
- Beneficial effects are seen in regular Coffee drinkers (maximum effect at 4 cups/day)
- Positive effects appear limited to morning Coffee
- Observed effects
- Decreased sympathetic tone and sympathetic response to Caffeine (downregulation related)
- May decrease risk of Congestive Heart Failure
- Neurocognitive benefits
- May decrease risk of Alzheimer Disease and of Major Depression
- Regular Coffee intake does not appear to increase Hypertension or Arrhythmia risk
- However, intermittent use may increase Blood Pressure
- Decreased sympathetic tone and sympathetic response to Caffeine (downregulation related)
III. References
- Swaminathan and Mattu (2026) Cardiology Corner, EM:Rap, 3/2/2026
- Ding (2015) Circulation 132(24):2305-15 +PMID: 26572796 [PubMed]
- Wang (2025) Eur Heart J 46(8):749-59 +PMID: 39776171 [PubMed]