II. Definitions
- Shoulder Subluxation (Humeral Head Subluxation)
- Inferior displacement of the humeral head
III. Causes
- Recurrent Shoulder Dislocations and chronic Glenohumeral Instability
- Hypotonicity
- Shoulder Fracture
- Neuropathy (e.g. Brachial Neuritis)
- Cerebrovascular Accident or other CNS Disorder
IV. Exam
- See Shoulder Exam
V. Diagnostics
-
Electromyogram (EMG)
- Evaluates for neuropathic cause
- Indicated for atraumatic subluxation
VI. Management
- See Shoulder Instability
- Avoid forceful Shoulder reduction techniques such as traction-countertraction (risk of injury)
- Early outpatient rehabilitation Exercises (after injury healed)
- Shoulder Range of Motion Exercises
- Shoulder Strength Exercises
- Strengthen Rotator Cuff and periscapular musculature
VII. Course
- Muscle tone returns after injury resolves
VIII. References
- Saint-Hilaire (2026) Crit Dec Emerg Med 40(10): 22-3