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Oral CalciumAka: Calcium Supplementation, Dietary Calcium, Calcium Carbonate, Calcium Citrate, Calcium Phosphate

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  1. Indications: Osteoporosis Prevention
    1. Starting in childhood and adolescence preferable
    2. Begin at 35-40 years old if not already started
    3. Potentiates Estrogen Replacement Therapy
  2. Contraindications
    1. Hypercalciuria
    2. Nephrolithiasis
    3. Sarcoidosis
    4. Hyperparathyroidism
  3. Adverse Effects
    1. Excess calcium intake may be a Cardiac Risk Factor in postmenopausal women
      1. Bolland (2008) BMJ 336(7638):262
  4. Dosing: Calcium daily requirements
    1. Daily dose of 1000 mg Calcium Indications
      1. Men and women ages 25 to 50 years
      2. Men 50 to 65 years
      3. Women on Estrogen Replacement ages 50-65 years
    2. Dose 1200 to 1500 mg Calcium Indications (all others)
      1. Ages 11 to 24 years
      2. Post-menopausal women not on Estrogen Replacement
      3. Age over 65 years
      4. Pregnancy
      5. Lactation
  5. Preparations: Dietary Calcium Sources (300mg elemental calcium in each)
    1. Yogurt or frozen yogurt 8 ounces
    2. Calcium-Fortified Orange Juice 8 ounces
    3. Milk 8 ounces
    4. Firm Cheese 1 to 1.5 ounces
    5. Canned Sardines 3 ounces
    6. Cooked greens, collards, or mustard 1-2 cups or 8 oz
  6. Preparations: Calcium Carbonate
    1. Advantages
      1. Most elemental calcium (40%)
      2. Tablet 650 mg contains 250 mg elemental calcium
      3. Least expensive calcium preparation
    2. Administration
      1. Take with meals or citrus juice
      2. Absorption reduced with fasting or achlorhydria
    3. Preparations
      1. Tums 500 mg PO qd-tid
    4. Adverse effects
      1. Constipation
  7. Preparations: Calcium Citrate
    1. Advantages
      1. No Constipation
      2. Better absorption than calcium carbonate by >20%
        1. Sakhaee (1999) Am J Ther 6(6):313
    2. Indications:
      1. Constipation or gas on calcium carbonate
      2. Calcium based Kidney stones
    3. Administration
      1. Take on an empty stomach
  8. Preparations: Calcium phosphate
    1. Advantages
      1. No Constipation
      2. Absorption: 39%
    2. Disadvantages
      1. Cost

Calcium Carbonate (C0006681)

Definition (MSH)Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement.
Definition (CSP)carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3) used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement.
Definition (NCI)A mineral taken primarily as a supplement to prevent osteoporosis. It is also being studied for cancer prevention.
Definition (PDQ)The carbonic salt of calcium (CaCO3). Calcium carbonate is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis, as an antacid in gastric hyperacidity for temporary relief of indigestion and heartburn, and as a calcium supplement for preventing and treating osteoporosis. Check for "http://www.cancer.gov/Search/ClinicalTrialsLink.aspx?id=39679&idtype=1" active clinical trials or "http://www.cancer.gov/Search/ClinicalTrialsLink.aspx?id=39679&idtype=1&closed=1" closed clinical trials using this agent. ("http://nciterms.nci.nih.gov:80/NCIBrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&code=C332" NCI Thesaurus)
Definition (NCI)The carbonic salt of calcium (CaCO3). Calcium carbonate is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis, as an antacid in gastric hyperacidity for temporary relief of indigestion and heartburn, and as a calcium supplement for preventing and treating osteoporosis. (NCI04)
ConceptsOrganic Chemical (T109) , Pharmacologic Substance (T121)
EnglishCaCO3, Calcium Carbonate, CALCIUM CARBONATE PREPARATION
Spanishcarbonato de calcio, carbonato de calcio nativo purificado
CreditsDerived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


calcium phosphate (C0006711)

Definition (CSP)calcium salts containing the phosphate radical (PO4), frequently used as calcium supplements.
ConceptsPharmacologic Substance (T121) , Biomedical or Dental Material (T122) , Inorganic Chemical (T197)
Englishcalcium phosphate, Calcium phosphate agent, CALCIUM PHOSPHATE PREPARATION, Calcium phosphate product
Spanishfosfato cálcico, fosfato calcico, fosfato de calcio
CreditsDerived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Calcium, Dietary (C0006726)

Definition (MSH)Calcium compounds used as food supplements or in food to supply the body with calcium. Dietary calcium is needed during growth for bone development and for maintenance of skeletal integrity later in life to prevent osteoporosis.
Definition (CSP)calcium compounds used as food supplements or in food to supply the body with calcium; dietary calcium is needed during growth for bone development and for maintenance of skeletal integrity later in life to prevent osteoporosis.
ConceptsInorganic Chemical (T197)
Englishdietary calcium
CreditsDerived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Calcium Citrate (C0108101)

Definition (MSH)A colorless crystalline or white powdery organic, tricarboxylic acid occurring in plants, especially citrus fruits, and used as a flavoring agent, as an antioxidant in foods, and as a sequestrating agent. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Definition (PDQ)The citrate salt of calcium. An element necessary for normal nerve, muscle, and cardiac function, calcium as the citrate salt helps to maintain calcium balance and prevent bone loss when taken orally. This agent may also be chemopreventive for colon and other cancers. Check for "http://www.cancer.gov/Search/ClinicalTrialsLink.aspx?id=41817&idtype=1" active clinical trials or "http://www.cancer.gov/Search/ClinicalTrialsLink.aspx?id=41817&idtype=1&closed=1" closed clinical trials using this agent. ("http://nciterms.nci.nih.gov:80/NCIBrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&code=C1355" NCI Thesaurus)
Definition (NCI)The citrate salt of calcium. An element necessary for normal nerve, muscle, and cardiac function, calcium as the citrate salt helps to maintain calcium balance and prevent bone loss when taken orally. This agent may also be chemopreventive for colon and other cancers. (NCI04)
ConceptsOrganic Chemical (T109) , Pharmacologic Substance (T121) , Biologically Active Substance (T123)
EnglishCALCIT, Calcium Citrate, CALCIUM CITRATE PREPARATION, Calcium Citrates, TRICALCIUM CITRATE
Spanishcitrato de calcio
CreditsDerived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)



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