Pharmacology Book

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Non-nutritive SweetenerAka: Artificial Sweetener, Sunett, Aspartame, Equal, Nutrasweet, Saccharin, Sugar Twin, Sweet'N Low, Sweet-10, Sucralose, Splenda, Sugar Substitute, Acesulfame-K, Sweet One

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  1. Uses
    1. Sweeteners suitable for non-heated use: All
    2. Sweeteners suitable for cooking and baking
      1. Excellent: Sucralose (Splenda)
      2. Good (blended with sugar): Acesulfame-K or Saccharin
    3. Sweeteners to avoid heating: Aspartame and Neotame
  2. Contraindications
    1. Aspartame is contraindicated in Phenylketonuria
  3. Preparations
    1. Acesulfame-K (Sweet One, Sunett)
      1. Approved by FDA in 1988
      2. Sweetness relative to sugar: 200 times sweeter
      3. Safety supported by >90 studies
    2. Aspartame (Equal, Nutrasweet)
      1. Approved by FDA in 1981
      2. Sweetness relative to sugar: 180 times sweeter
      3. Not heat stable
      4. Contraindicated in Phenylketonuria
      5. Safety supported by >100 studies
      6. No association with SLE, MS, Seizures, brain cancer
      7. Low level of formaldehyde and methanol form on intake
        1. Also occurs with tomato and citrus intake
        2. Not considered a health hazard
    3. Saccharin (Sugar Twin, Sweet'N Low, Sweet-10)
      1. Discovered in 1879
      2. Cheap with long shelf life and heat stability
      3. Sweetness relative to sugar: 300 times sweeter
      4. Bladder Cancer occurred in rats at very high doses
        1. Less than 6 servings per day thought to be safe
        2. Safe use supported by FDA, NCI, AMA, ACS, ADA
    4. Sucralose (Splenda)
      1. Approved by FDA in 1998
      2. Safety supported by >110 studies
      3. Sweetness relative to sugar: 600 times sweeter
      4. Excellent shelf life without heat degradation
      5. Not digested, so does not add calories to food
  4. FDA Consumer Article on Sugar Substitute Safety
    1. http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/1999/699_sugar.html
  5. Resources: Other
    1. David Emery's Urban Legends and Folklore
      1. http://urbanlegends.about.com/library/blasp.htm

Artificial Sweeteners (C0003920)

Definition (NCI)A food additive which duplicates the effect of sugar on the taste, but with fewer calories. They are also called sugar substitutes.
ConceptsFood (T168)
EnglishArtificial Sweetener, Artificial Sweeteners
Spanishedulcorante, endulzante artificial
CreditsDerived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Aspartame (C0003999)

Definition (MSH)Flavoring agent sweeter than sugar, metabolized as PHENYLALANINE and ASPARTIC ACID.
ConceptsAmino Acid, Peptide, or Protein (T116)
EnglishAspartame, ASPARTAME PREPARATION, Aspartamine, Aspartylphenylalanine Methyl Ester, Methyl Aspartylphenylalanine
Spanishaspartamo, edulcorante de bajas calorías, edulcorante de bajas calorias
CreditsDerived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Saccharin (C0036023)

Definition (MSH)Flavoring agent and non-nutritive sweetener.
ConceptsOrganic Chemical (T109) , Pharmacologic Substance (T121)
EnglishBenzosulfimide, Benzosulphimide, Saccharin, SACCHARIN PREPARATION
Spanishsacarina
CreditsDerived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


trichlorosucrose (C0077046)

ConceptsCarbohydrate (T118)
EnglishSucralose, trichlorogalactosucrose, trichlorosucrose
Spanishsucralosa
CreditsDerived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Equals (C0439089)

ConceptsIntellectual Product (T170)
English=, Equal symbol =, Equals
Spanishsímbolo igual =, simbolo igual =
CreditsDerived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


NutraSweet (C0733460)

ConceptsAmino Acid, Peptide, or Protein (T116)
EnglishNutraSweet
CreditsDerived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Splenda (C1742799)

ConceptsCarbohydrate (T118)
EnglishSplenda
CreditsDerived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)



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