Pharmacology Book

http://www.fpnotebook.com/

Non-nutritive SweetenerAka: Artificial Sweetener, Sunett, Aspartame, Equal, Nutrasweet, Saccharin, Sugar Twin, Sweet'N Low, Sweet-10, Sucralose, Splenda, Sugar Substitute, Acesulfame-K, Sweet One

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  1. Uses
    1. Sweeteners suitable for non-heated use: All
    2. Sweeteners suitable for cooking and baking
      1. Excellent: Sucralose (Splenda)
      2. Good (blended with sugar): Acesulfame-K or Saccharin
    3. Sweeteners to avoid heating: Aspartame and Neotame
  2. Contraindications
    1. Aspartame is contraindicated in Phenylketonuria
  3. Preparations
    1. Acesulfame-K (Sweet One, Sunett)
      1. Approved by FDA in 1988
      2. Sweetness relative to sugar: 200 times sweeter
      3. Safety supported by >90 studies
    2. Aspartame (Equal, Nutrasweet)
      1. Approved by FDA in 1981
      2. Sweetness relative to sugar: 180 times sweeter
      3. Not heat stable
      4. Contraindicated in Phenylketonuria
      5. Safety supported by >100 studies
      6. No association with SLE, MS, Seizures, brain cancer
      7. Low level of formaldehyde and methanol form on intake
        1. Also occurs with tomato and citrus intake
        2. Not considered a health hazard
    3. Saccharin (Sugar Twin, Sweet'N Low, Sweet-10)
      1. Discovered in 1879
      2. Cheap with long shelf life and heat stability
      3. Sweetness relative to sugar: 300 times sweeter
      4. Bladder Cancer occurred in rats at very high doses
        1. Less than 6 servings per day thought to be safe
        2. Safe use supported by FDA, NCI, AMA, ACS, ADA
    4. Sucralose (Splenda)
      1. Approved by FDA in 1998
      2. Safety supported by >110 studies
      3. Sweetness relative to sugar: 600 times sweeter
      4. Excellent shelf life without heat degradation
      5. Not digested, so does not add calories to food
  4. FDA Consumer Article on Sugar Substitute Safety
    1. http://www.fda.gov/fdac/features/1999/699_sugar.html
  5. Resources: Other
    1. David Emery's Urban Legends and Folklore
      1. http://urbanlegends.about.com/library/blasp.htm

Artificial Sweeteners (C0003920)

Definition (NCI)A food additive which duplicates the effect of sugar on the taste, but with fewer calories. They are also called sugar substitutes.
ConceptsFood (T168)
MSHD013549
EnglishArtificial Sweetener, Artificial Sweeteners
Spanishedulcorante, endulzante artificial
Parent ConceptsFood Component (C1880311), Food flavoring agent (C0311124), Food sweetener (C0684173)
SourcesMEDLINEPLUS, MSH, NCI, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Aspartame (C0003999)

Definition (MSH)Flavoring agent sweeter than sugar, metabolized as PHENYLALANINE and ASPARTIC ACID.
ConceptsAmino Acid, Peptide, or Protein (T116)
MSHD001218
EnglishAspartame, ASPARTAME PREPARATION, Aspartamine, Aspartylphenylalanine Methyl Ester, Methyl Aspartylphenylalanine
Spanishaspartamo, edulcorante de bajas calorias
Parent ConceptsSweetening Agents (C0038998), Dipeptides (C0012512), Inactive Ingredient Preparations (C1375189), Artificial Sweeteners (C0003920), Carbohydrates (C0007004), Amines and their derivatives (C0578148), Food allergen (C1320239)
SourcesAOD, LCH, MSH, NDFRT, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT, VANDF
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Saccharin (C0036023)

Definition (MSH)Flavoring agent and non-nutritive sweetener.
ConceptsOrganic Chemical (T109) , Pharmacologic Substance (T121)
MSHD012439
EnglishBenzosulfimide, Benzosulphimide, Saccharin, SACCHARIN PREPARATION
Spanishsacarina
Parent ConceptsSweetening Agents (C0038998), Thiazoles (C0039859), Benzothiazoles (C1567965), Inactive Ingredient Preparations (C1375189), Artificial Sweeteners (C0003920), Organic sulfur compound (C0303848), Drug flavoring (C0304223), Food allergen (C1320239)
SourcesAOD, LCH, MSH, NDFRT, RXNORM, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT, VANDF
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


trichlorosucrose (C0077046)

ConceptsCarbohydrate (T118)
MSHC026285
EnglishSucralose, trichlorogalacto-sucrose, trichlorogalactosucrose, trichlorosucrose
Spanishsucralosa
Parent ConceptsCarbohydrate derivative (C0578117), Food sweetener (C0684173)
SourcesMSH, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Equals (C0439089)

ConceptsIntellectual Product (T170)
English=, Equal symbol =, Equals
Spanishsimbolo igual =
Parent ConceptsMathematical sign (C0457308)
SourcesMTH, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


NutraSweet (C0733460)

ConceptsAmino Acid, Peptide, or Protein (T116)
MSHD001218
EnglishNutraSweet
SourcesMSH
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Splenda (C1742799)

ConceptsCarbohydrate (T118)
MSHC026285
EnglishSplenda
SourcesMSH
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)



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