Infectious Disease Book

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Pinworm

Aka: Pinworm, Enterobius vermicularis, Enterobiasis
  1. Epidemiology
    1. Most common in children ages 5 to 14 years
    2. Most common Helminth infection in the United States
    3. Prevalence: 209 million children infected worldwide
      1. Worldwide, 30% of children are infected
  2. Pathophysiology
    1. Intestinal roundworm (nematode) infection
      1. Humans are only known host
    2. Transmission
      1. Fecal-oral transmission of eggs
    3. Larvae hatch in duodenum
    4. Worms live in ascending colon at cecum
      1. Female worms migrate to perineum at night
      2. May lay up to 15,000 eggs nightly
    5. Majority of eggs dry-out within 3 days
  3. Transmission
    1. Ingestion of Pinworm ova (20 day viability)
    2. Passed by fomites (hands, clothing, house dust)
    3. Female worms migrate to anus at night to deposit eggs
  4. Symptoms
    1. Perianal or perineal Pruritus worse at night
    2. May also cause vaginal irritation
    3. Restlessness at night
  5. Signs
    1. Small (0.5 to 1 cm) white worms at perianal area
  6. Differential Diagnosis
    1. See Pruritus Ani
    2. See Pruritus Vulvae
  7. Labs
    1. Pinworm Test
  8. Course
    1. Self limited; resolves by 6 weeks (unless reingested)
  9. Management: Primary Options
    1. Mebendazole (Vermox)
      1. Dose: 100 mg chewable for 1 dose
      2. Repeat dose in 2 weeks if persistent symptoms
  10. Management: Alternatives
    1. Albendazole (Valbazen)
      1. Dose: 400 mg PO for 1 dose
      2. Repeat dose in 2 weeks for persistent symptoms
    2. Pyrantel pamoate (Pin-Rid, OTC)
      1. Available as over-the-counter medication
      2. Dose: 11 mg/kg up to 1 gram PO for 1 dose
      3. Repeat dose in 2 weeks for persistent symptoms
  11. Management: Other measures
    1. Treat household contacts
    2. Clean all linen, clothing
  12. References
    1. Gilbert (2001) Sanford Antimicrobial Therapy, p. 91
    2. Kazura in Behrman (2000) Nelson Pediatrics, p. 1067-8
    3. Markell (1985) Pediatr Clin North Am 32(4):971-86

Enterobius vermicularis (C0600211)

Concepts Eukaryote (T204)
MSH D004757
SnomedCT 55008000
English Enterobius vermicularis, Oxyuris vermicularis, Pinworms, Enterobius vermiculari, vermiculari, Oxyuris, vermiculari, Enterobius, Oxyuris vermiculari, vermicularis, Oxyuris, vermicularis, Enterobius, enterobius vermicularis, threadworm, human pinworm, pinworm, pinworms, Pinworm, Threadworm, Scutate threadworm, Seatworm, Ascaris vermicularis, Ev - Enterobius vermicularis, Enterobius vermicularis (organism)
Dutch draadwormen, Enterobius vermicularis, Oxyuris vermicularis
French Oxyures, Oxyuris vermicularis, Enterobius vermicularis
German Madenwuermer, Enterobius vermicularis, Oxyuris vermicularis
Italian Ossiuri
Portuguese Oxiures, Enterobius vermicularis, Oxyuris vermicularis
Spanish Oxiuros, Enterobius vermicularis (organismo), Oxiurus vermicularis, oxiuro, Enterobius vermicularis, Oxyuris vermicularis
Japanese 蟯虫症, ｷﾞｮｳﾁｭｳｼｮｳ
Czech Roupy
Hungarian Cérnagiliszták
Sources
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Enterobiasis (C0086227)

Definition (MEDLINEPLUS)

Pinworms are parasites about the length of a staple that live in the rectum. They are the most common worm infection in the United States. Pinworms get inside the body when you swallow their eggs. While you sleep, the female pinworms leave the intestines through the anus and deposit eggs on nearby skin. This can cause intense anal itching. Complications from pinworms are rare.

People get pinworm infections from one another. School-age children and preschoolers are most likely to get pinworms. You do not get them from pets. If you have a mild case, you may not need treatment. If you do need treatment, you and members of your family usually take medicine, since pinworms are spread so easily.
Definition (MSH) Infection with nematodes of the genus ENTEROBIUS; E. vermicularis, the pinworm of man, causes a crawling sensation and pruritus. This condition results in scratching the area, occasionally causing scarification.
Concepts Disease or Syndrome (T047)
MSH D017229
ICD9 127.4
ICD10 B80
SnomedCT 19722001, 266162007, 360419005, 154412007, 187178006, 266221005, 360417007
English Enterobiases, Enterobiasis, Pinworms, Threadworms, ENTEROBIASIS, INFECTION, PINWORM, INFECTION, SEATWORM, THREADWORM, Enterobius vermicularis Infection, Enterobius vermicularis Infections, Infection, Enterobius vermicularis, Infection, Oxyuris vermicularis, Infections, Enterobius vermicularis, Infections, Oxyuris vermicularis, Oxyuris vermicularis Infection, Oxyuris vermicularis Infections, ENTEROBIUS VERMICULARIS INFECT, INFECT OXYURIS VERMICULARIS, INFECT ENTEROBIUS VERMICULARIS, OXYURIS VERMICULARIS INFECT, enterobiasis (diagnosis), enterobiasis, Seatworm infection, Enterobiasis threadworm, Enterobius vermicularis infection, pinworm infection, threadworm infection, Enterobiasis [Disease/Finding], pinworm disease, Pinworm infection, Enterobiosis, Infection by Enterobius vermicularis, Oxyuris vermicularis infection, Pinworm disease, Threadworm infection, Enterobiasis - threadworm, Enterobiasis (disorder), Infection by Enterobius vermicularis (disorder), Enterobius vermicularis; infestation, Oxyuris vermicularis; infestation, disease (or disorder); pinworm, infestation; Enterobius vermicularis, infestation; Oxyuris vermicularis, pinworm; disease, threadworm; infection, Infection by Enterobius vermicularis (disorder) [Ambiguous], Oxyuris vermicularis infection (disorder), Threadworms - enterobiasis, Pinworm, Threadworm, threadworms, pinworms
Dutch draadworminfectie, enterobiasis draadworm, Enterobius vermicularis-infectie, Enterobius vermicularis; infestatie, Oxyuris vermicularis; infestatie, aandoening; aarsmade, aarsmade; aandoening, aarsmade; infectie, infestatie; Enterobius vermicularis, infestatie; Oxyuris vermicularis, enterobiasis, Enterobiasis, Enterobius-vermicularisinfectie, Oxyuris-vermicularisinfectie
French Infection à oxyure, Infection à un nématode, Oxyurose, Entérobiase, Infection à Enterobius vermicularis
German Madenwurminfektion, Enterobius vermicularis Infektion, Enterobiasis durch Bandwurm, Enterobiasis, Enterobius vermicularis-Infektion, Oxyuris vermicularis-Infektion
Italian Infezione da Ossiuri, Infezione da ossiuro, Enterobius vermicularis, Infezione da Enterobius vermicularis, Infezione da Oxyuris vermicularis, Enterobiasi
Portuguese Infecção por enteróbio, Oxiuríase, Enterobiasis vermicularis, Infecção por Enterobius vermicularis, Enterobíase, Infeção por Enterobius vermicularis, Infeção por Oxyuris vermicularis
Spanish Infección por Enterobious vermicularis, Enterobiasis por lombrices intestinales, Infección por oxiuro, Threadworms, Threadworms - enterobiasis, Enterobiasis, Pinworm, Enterobiasis - threadworm, enterobiasis (trastorno), enterobiasis, infección por Enterobius vermicularis (concepto no activo), infección por Enterobius vermicularis (trastorno), infección por Enterobius vermicularis, infección por Oxiurus vermicularis, infección por Oxyuris vermicularis (trastorno), infección por Oxyuris vermicularis, infección por gusano filiforme, infección por oxiuros, infección por oxiuro, Infeccion por Enterobius vermicularis, Infección por Enterobius vermicularis, Infección por Oxyuris vermicularis, Infeccion por Oxyuris vermicularis
Swedish Springmaskinfektion hos människa
Japanese ｷﾞｮｳﾁｭｳｼｮｳ, ｷﾞｮｳﾁｭｳｶﾝｾﾝ, 蟯虫症, ぎょう虫感染, ぎょう虫症, ぎょう虫感染症, 蟯虫感染, 蟯虫感染症
Finnish Kihomatotauti
Russian ENTEROBIUS VERMICULARIS INFEKTSIIA, ENTEROBIOZ, OXYURIS VERMICULARIS INFEKTSIIA, ENTEROBIUS VERMICULARIS ИНФЕКЦИЯ, OXYURIS VERMICULARIS ИНФЕКЦИЯ, ЭНТЕРОБИОЗ
Czech Enterobióza, Infekce parazitem Enterobius vermicularis, Infekce roupy, onemocnění dětským roupem, enterobióza, enterobiáza
Korean 요충증
Croatian ENTEROBIJAZA
Polish Zarażenie owsikiem ludzkim, Zarażenie Oxyuris vermicularis, Enterobioza, Owsica ludzi, Zarażenie Enterobius vermicularis
Hungarian Cérnagiliszta fertőzés, enterobiasis, Fonálféreg fertőzés, Enterobiasis fonálféreg, Enterobius vermicularis fertőzés
Sources
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


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