Infectious Disease Book

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PinwormAka: Enterobius vermicularis, Enterobiasis

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  1. Epidemiology
    1. Most common in children ages 5 to 14 years
    2. Most common Helminth infection in the United States
    3. Prevalence: 209 million children infected worldwide
      1. Worldwide, 30% of children are infected
  2. Pathophysiology
    1. Intestinal roundworm (nematode) infection
      1. Humans are only known host
    2. Transmission
      1. Fecal-oral transmission of eggs
    3. Larvae hatch in duodenum
    4. Worms live in ascending colon at cecum
      1. Female worms migrate to perineum at night
      2. May lay up to 15,000 eggs nightly
    5. Majority of eggs dry-out within 3 days
  3. Transmission
    1. Ingestion of pinworm ova (20 day viability)
    2. Passed by fomites (hands, clothing, house dust)
    3. Female worms migrate to anus at night to deposit eggs
  4. Symptoms
    1. Perianal or perineal Pruritus worse at night
    2. May also cause vaginal irritation
    3. Restlessness at night
  5. Signs
    1. Small (0.5 to 1 cm) white worms at perianal area
  6. Differential Diagnosis
    1. See Pruritus Ani
    2. See Pruritus Vulvae
  7. Labs
    1. Pinworm Test
  8. Course
    1. Self limited; resolves by 6 weeks (unless reingested)
  9. Management: Primary Options
    1. Mebendazole (Vermox)
      1. Dose: 100 mg chewable for 1 dose
      2. Repeat dose in 2 weeks if persistent symptoms
  10. Management: Alternatives
    1. Albendazole (Valbazen)
      1. Dose: 400 mg PO for 1 dose
      2. Repeat dose in 2 weeks for persistent symptoms
    2. Pyrantel pamoate (Pin-Rid, OTC)
      1. Available as over-the-counter medication
      2. Dose: 11 mg/kg up to 1 gram PO for 1 dose
      3. Repeat dose in 2 weeks for persistent symptoms
  11. Management: Other measures
    1. Treat household contacts
    2. Clean all linen, clothing
  12. References
    1. Gilbert (2001) Sanford Antimicrobial Therapy, p. 91
    2. Kazura in Behrman (2000) Nelson Pediatrics, p. 1067-8
    3. Markell (1985) Pediatr Clin North Am 32(4):971

Enterobiasis (C0086227)

Definition (MSH)Infection with nematodes of the genus ENTEROBIUS; E. vermicularis, the pinworm of man, causes a crawling sensation and pruritus. This condition results in scratching the area, occasionally causing scarification.
ConceptsDisease or Syndrome (T047)
ICD9127.4, 127.4
MSHD017229
EnglishEnterobiases, Enterobiasis, Enterobiasis - threadworm, Enterobiosis, ENTEROBIUS VERMICULARIS INFECT, Enterobius vermicularis Infection, Enterobius vermicularis Infections, INFECT ENTEROBIUS VERMICULARIS, INFECT OXYURIS VERMICULARIS, Infection by Enterobius vermicularis, OXYURIS VERMICULARIS INFECT, Oxyuris vermicularis Infection, Oxyuris vermicularis Infections, Pinworm, Pinworm disease, Pinworm infection, Pinworms, THREADWORM, Threadworm infection, Threadworms - enterobiasis
Spanishenterobiasis, infeccion por Enterobius vermicularis, infeccion por gusano filiforme, infeccion por oxiuro, infeccion por oxiuros, infeccion por Oxiurus vermicularis, infeccion por Oxyuris vermicularis
Parent ConceptsOther intestinal helminthiases (C0153302), Oxyuriasis (C0030100), Enterobiasis (C0086227), Intestinal nematode infection (C0276919), Disease due to superfamily Oxyuroidea (C0277213), Duplicate concept (C1274013), Ambiguous concept (C1274012)
SourcesCOSTAR, DXP, ICD9CM, MEDLINEPLUS, MSH, MTH, MTHICD9, NDFRT, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Enterobius vermicularis (C0600211)

ConceptsInvertebrate (T009)
MSHD004757
EnglishAscaris vermicularis, Enterobius vermicularis, Ev - Enterobius vermicularis, Oxyuris vermicularis, Pinworm, Pinworms, Scutate threadworm, Seatworm, Threadworm
Spanishoxiuro, Oxiurus vermicularis
Parent ConceptsEnterobius (C0162364)
SourcesCOSTAR, MSH, MTH, NCBI, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)



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