Emergency Medicine Book

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Trauma History

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  1. History (Mnemonic: AMPLE)
    1. Allergies
    2. Medications
    3. Past illness
    4. Last Meal
    5. Events or Environment related to injury
  2. Mechanism of Injury: Motor Vehicle Accident
    1. Single Car Accident (6 S's Mnemonic)
      1. Seizure
      2. Syncope
      3. Sugar (Hypoglycemia)
      4. Suicide
      5. Sleep
      6. Sauce (Alcohol intoxication)
    2. Frontal Impact
      1. Signs at accident scene
        1. Bent steering wheel
        2. Knee impact on dash
        3. Bull's-eye impression in windshield
      2. Associated Injuries
        1. Cervical Spine Fracture
        2. Anterior Flail chest
        3. Myocardial Contusion
        4. Pneumothorax
        5. Traumatic Aortic Rupture or transection
        6. Spleen or liver Fracture
        7. Hip or knee dislocation
    3. Side impact to automobile
      1. Contralateral neck sprain
      2. Cervical spine Fracture
      3. Pneumothorax
      4. Lateral flail chest
      5. Spleen or Liver Fracture
      6. Traumatic Aortic Rupture
      7. Diaphragmatic rupture
      8. Pelvic Fracture or acetabulum Fracture
    4. Rear impact auto collision
      1. Cervical Spine Injury
    5. Ejection from vehicle
      1. Significantly increased risk of multiple injury
      2. Significantly increased mortality
    6. Motor vehicle-pedestrian: Injury triad
      1. Step 1: Bumper impact
        1. Lower extremity Fracture
      2. Step 2: Hood or Windscreen impact
        1. Thoracic or Abdominal injury
      3. Step 3: Ground impact
        1. Head Injury
  3. Mechanism of Injury: Other causes
    1. Penetrating trauma
      1. Bullets
      2. Knives
      3. Impaling object
    2. Burn Injury or Cold Injury
    3. Hazardous Environment

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