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Plant SterolAka: Plant Stanol, Sitosterol, Sitostanol, Benecol

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  1. Mechanism
    1. Plant sterols resemble Cholesterol
      1. Modified side-chain
    2. Reduces intestinal absorption of LDL Cholesterol
    3. Hepatic de novo Cholesterol synthesis may increase
  2. Efficacy
    1. Modestly reduces serum LDL Cholesterol (10-14%)
    2. LDL Cholesterol lowered 160 to 134-138
    3. References
      1. Gylling (1996) J {a 640} Res 37:1776
      2. Gyling (1997) Circulation 96:4226
      3. Hendriks (1999) Eur J Clin Nutr 53:319
      4. Mietinen (1995) N Engl J Med 333:1308
      5. Weststrate (1998) Eur J Clin Nutr 52:334
  3. Preparations: Plant stanol ester enriched margarine
    1. Benecol (hydrogenated sterols)
      1. Sitostanol from pine tree wood pulp
      2. Less absorption than with Sitosterol (Take Control)
    2. Take Control (unsaturated sterols)
      1. Sitosterol from soybean oil
    3. Minute Maid Heart Wise orange juice
      1. Two glasses per day recommended
  4. Dosing
    1. Studies used 2-3 g/day Sterol (30 g/day of spread)
  5. Adverse Effects
    1. Well tolerated without affecting margarine taste
    2. Potentially atherogenic (Coronary Artery Disease risk)
      1. High plant sterol concentrations assoc. with CAD
      2. Stanols (Benecol) less absorbed than Sterols
      3. Concentrations lower with Benecol than Take Control
  6. Precautions
    1. Do not use in patients with inherited sitosterolemia
      1. Risk of premature Ischemic Heart Disease
      2. Risk of xanthoma formation
  7. References
    1. (1998) J Postgrad Med, Managing High Cholesterol
    2. (1999) Med Lett Drugs Ther 41(1055):56

Phytosterols (C0031866)

Definition (NCI)Plant-based compounds that can compete with dietary cholesterol to be absorbed by the intestines, resulting in lower blood cholesterol levels. Phytosterols may have some effect in cancer prevention.
ConceptsSteroid (T110) , Pharmacologic Substance (T121) , Biologically Active Substance (T123)
EnglishPhytosterol, Phytosterols, Plant Sterol, Plant Sterols
Spanishfitosterol
CreditsDerived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Sitosterols (C0037215)

Definition (MSH)A family of sterols commonly found in plants and plant oils. Alpha-, beta-, and gamma-isomers have been characterized.
Definition (CSP)group of closely related natural plant sterols with anticholesterolemic properties.
ConceptsSteroid (T110) , Pharmacologic Substance (T121)
Englishsitosterol, Sitosterols
CreditsDerived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


stigmastanol (C0075252)

ConceptsOrganic Chemical (T109) , Pharmacologic Substance (T121)
Englishdihydrositosterol, sitostanol, stigmastanol
CreditsDerived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Benecol (C0917633)

ConceptsOrganic Chemical (T109) , Pharmacologic Substance (T121)
EnglishBenecol
CreditsDerived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)



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