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Serum Protein Electrophoresis Abnormality

Aka: Serum Protein Electrophoresis Abnormality, Monoclonal Gammopathy, M-Spike, Paraproteinemia, Polyclonal Gammopathy
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  1. See Also
    1. Serum Protein Electrophoresis (SPEP)
  2. Monoclonal Gammopathy (M-Spike)
    1. General
      1. Paraprotein peak present (Paraproteinemia)
      2. Associated with malignancy
      3. Sharp spike M-Band
        1. Contrast with broad polyclonal band (see below)
    2. Causes
      1. Multiple Myeloma
        1. Narrow M-Protein spike >3 g/dl
        2. Lytic skeletal lesions, Pancytopenia, Renal Failure
      2. Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (MGUS)
      3. Benign Paraproteinemia (essential Paraproteinemia)
      4. Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia
        1. M Protein: IgM
        2. Hyperviscosity and hypercellular Bone Marrow
      5. Plasmacytoma
      6. Amyloidosis
      7. Plasma cell Leukemia
        1. M-Protein: Low levels
        2. Peripheral blood with >20% plasma cells
      8. Franklin Disease (Heavy chain disease)
        1. M Protein
          1. Heavy chain incomplete
          2. Light chain absent
  3. Polyclonal Gammopathy
    1. General
      1. Broad diffuse band
        1. Contrast with sharp spike M-Band in monoclonal
      2. Most often represents non-malignant causes
        1. Contrast with malignancy in monoclonal
    2. Causes
      1. Infection
        1. Viral infection (HIV, Hepatitis, EBV, VZV)
        2. Endocarditis
        3. Osteomyelitis
        4. Tuberculosis
      2. Connective tissue disease
        1. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
        2. Temporal Arteritis
        3. Rheumatoid Arthritis
        4. Sarcoidosis
      3. Liver disease
        1. Cirrhosis
        2. Hepatitis
        3. Primary biliary Cirrhosis
      4. Malignancy
        1. Ovarian Cancer
        2. Lung Cancer
        3. Hepatocellular Carcinoma
        4. Renal cancers
      5. Hematologic disorder
        1. Lymphoma
        2. Leukemia
        3. Thalassemia
        4. Sickle Cell Anemia
      6. Inflammatory condition
        1. Inflammatory Bowel Disease
        2. Cystic Fibrosis
        3. Chronic Bronchitis
      7. Thyroid disorder
        1. Grave's Disease
        2. Hashimoto's Thyroiditis
  4. Interpretation of Monoclonal Protein Spike
    1. M-Spike < 1.5 g/dl
      1. Repeat Serum Protein Electrophoresis in one year
    2. M-Spike 1.5 to 2.5 g/dl
      1. Nephelometry to quantify Immunoglobulins
      2. 24 hour urine for electrophoresis and immunofixation
    3. M-Spike >2.5 g/dl
      1. Bone survey of Humerus and femur for metastases
      2. Bone Marrow Biopsy
      3. Abdominal CT
      4. Beta-2 microglobulin level
      5. C-Reactive Protein
      6. 24 hour urine for electrophoresis and immunofixation
  5. References
    1. O&#39;Connell (2005) Am Fam Physician 71:105-12
    2. Kyle (1999) Arch Pathol Lab Med 123:114-8

Paraproteinemias (C0030489)

Definition (MSH) A group of related diseases characterized by an unbalanced or disproportionate proliferation of immunoglobulin-producing cells, usually from a single clone. These cells frequently secrete a structurally homogeneous immunoglobulin (M-component) and/or an abnormal immunoglobulin.
Definition (NCI) A plasma cell disorder in which an abnormal amount of a single immunoglobulin is present in the serum. Paraproteinemias may be seen in conjunction with various carcinomas, chronic inflammatory and infectious conditions, and other diseases. --2004
Concepts Disease or Syndrome (T047)
MSH D010265
SnomedCT 190816000, 35601003, 123061006, 278501001
English Paraimmunoglobulinemia, Paraimmunoglobulinemias, Paraproteinemias, Paraproteinaemia NOS, Paraproteinemia NOS, paraproteinemias, Paraproteinemia NOS (disorder), Paraproteinemias [Disease/Finding], paraproteinaemia, Paraproteinemia, Paraproteinaemia, paraproteinemia, Paraproteinemia (disorder)
Italian Paraproteinemia, Paraproteinemia NAS, Paraproteinemie
Dutch paraproteïnemie NAO, paraproteïnemie, Para-immunoglobulinemie, Paraproteïnemie, Paraproteïnemieën, Proteïnemieën, para-, Proteïnemie, para-
French Paraprotéinémie SAI, Paraprotéinémie, Paraprotéinémies
German Paraproteinaemie NNB, Paraproteinaemie, Paraimmunglobulinämien, Paraproteinämien
Portuguese Paraproteinemia NE, Paraproteinemia, Paraimunoglobulinemias, Paraproteinemias
Spanish Paraproteinemia NEOM, Gammapatías Monoclonales, Gammapatias Monoclonales, paraproteinemia, paraproteinemia (trastorno), paraproteinemia, SAI (trastorno), paraproteinemia, SAI, Paraproteinemia, Gamapatias Monoclonales, Gamopatias Monoclonales, Parainmunoglobulinemias, Paraproteinemias, Gamapatías Monoclonales, Gamopatías Monoclonales
Japanese パラプロテイン血症ＮＯＳ, ﾊﾟﾗﾌﾟﾛﾃｲﾝｹﾂｼｮｳNOS, ﾊﾟﾗﾌﾟﾛﾃｲﾝｹﾂｼｮｳ, ﾊﾟﾗﾌﾟﾛﾃｲﾝｹｯｼｮｳ, ﾊﾟﾗﾌﾟﾛﾃｲﾝｹｯｼｮｳNOS, 形質細胞障害, パラプロテイン血症, 異種蛋白血症, 単クローン性免疫グロブリン血症, 異常たんぱく血症, パラプロテイン血, 単クローン性ガンマグロブリン血症, パラプロテイネミア, モノクローナルガンマグロブリン血症, パラ免疫グロブリン血症, モノクローナル免疫グロブリン血症, 異常蛋白血症, M蛋白血症, 異常蛋白質血症
Swedish Paraproteinemier
Czech paraproteinémie, Paraproteinemie, Paraproteinemie NOS
Finnish Paraproteinemiat
Russian GAMMAPATII MONOKLONAL'NYE, PARAIMMUNOGLOBULINEMIIA, PARAPROTEINEMIIA, PLAZMATICHESKIKH KLETOK DISKRAZIIA, ГАММАПАТИИ МОНОКЛОНАЛЬНЫЕ, ПАРАИММУНОГЛОБУЛИНЕМИЯ, ПАРАПРОТЕИНЕМИЯ, ПЛАЗМАТИЧЕСКИХ КЛЕТОК ДИСКРАЗИЯ
Croatian PARAPROTEINEMIJA
Polish Paraproteinemie
Hungarian Paraproteinaemia k.m.n., Paraproteinaemia, Paraproteinemia
Sources
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


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