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Urine Abnormalities

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Hypospadias

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  1. See Also
    1. Genitourinary Examination in Infants
  2. Epidemiology
    1. Prevalence: 4.7 to 8 per male births
  3. Predisposing factors: Family History
    1. Father with hypospadias: 8% risk
    2. Brother with hypospadias: 14% risk
  4. Pathophysiology
    1. Congenital defect of urethral meatus development
    2. Urethral folds incompletely fuse
    3. Ectopic urethral meatus between glans and perineum
  5. Associated conditions
    1. Undescended Testicle (10% association)
    2. Inguinal Hernia
    3. Hydrocele
    4. Chordee (ventral penile curvature)
  6. Classification
    1. Anterior (Distal penis and glans): 50% of cases
    2. Middle (Midshaft of penis): 30% of cases
    3. Posterior (Scrotum, Perineum): 20% of cases
  7. Management
    1. Avoid Circumcision (foreskin needed for repair)
    2. Surgical repair at 6 to 12 months of age
  8. Complications of surgical repair
    1. Complications 5-15% (highest for posterior hypospadias)
    2. Urethrocutaneous fistula or Urethral diverticulum
    3. Meatal stenosis
    4. Wound infection, hematoma or dehiscence
  9. Complications if not treated
    1. Urine stream deformity
    2. Sexual dysfunction associated with curvature
    3. Infertility associated with proximal urethral meatus
  10. References
    1. Behrman (2000) Nelson Pediatrics, Saunders, p. 1645-7
    2. Borer (1999) Urol Clin North Am 26(1):15

Hypospadias (C0848558)

Definition (MSH)A birth defect due to malformation of the URETHRA in which the urethral opening is below its normal location. In the male, the malformed urethra generally opens on the ventral surface of the PENIS or on the PERINEUM. In the female, the malformed urethral opening is in the VAGINA.
ConceptsCongenital Abnormality (T019)
MSHD007021
DanishHyspospadi
DutchHypospadie
EnglishHypospadia, Hypospadias
FinnishSIITTIMEN ALAHALKIO
FrenchHypospadias
GermanHypospadie
Hungarianhypospadiasis
ItalianIpospadia
NorwegianHYPOSPADI q54
PortugueseHipospadias
Spanishhipospadias
SwedishHYPOSPADI
Parent ConceptsMale Genital Organs (C0017422), Diagnosis/Diseases Component (C0497531), Penile Diseases (C0030846), Urogenital Abnormalities (C0042063), Urethral Diseases (C0041969), [X]Congenital malformations of genital organs (C0158687), Congenital anomaly of penis (C0266433), Congenital Abnormality (C0000768), Congenital anomaly of urethra (C0266342)
SourcesCOSTAR, CST, DXP, ICPC, ICPCDAN, ICPCDUT, ICPCFIN, ICPCFRE, ICPCGER, ICPCHUN, ICPCITA, ICPCNOR, ICPCPOR, ICPCSPA, ICPCSWE, LCH, MSH, MTH, NDFRT, OMIM, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)



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