Bladder Cancer Staging

1. Background
   1. American Joint Committee on Cancer TNM Staging of Bladder Cancer
2. Staging: Grouping
   1. Stage 0a: Ta N0 M0
   2. Stage 0is: Tis N0 M0
   3. Stage I: T1 N0 M0
   4. Stage II: T2a-2b N0 M0
   5. Stage III: T3a-4a N0 M0
   6. Stage IV: T4b N0-3 M0-1 (or any T if node positive or metastases present)
3. Staging: Primary Tumor Staging: T
   1. T0: No tumor present
   2. Tis: Carcinoma in situ
   3. Ta: Papillary tumor with only Bladder mucosa involved
   4. T1: Extension into Bladder lamina propria
   5. T2: Invasion into Bladder superficial muscle
   6. T3a: Invasion into Bladder deep muscle
   7. T3b: Invasion into fat surrounding Bladder
   8. T4a: Regional spread into Prostate, vagina or Uterus
   9. T4b: Tumor fixed to pelvic or abdominal wall
   10. TX: Unable to assess primary tumor
4. Staging: Lymph Node Staging: N
   1. N0: No lymph node involvement found
   2. N1: Single unilateral regional node involvement
   3. N2: Contralateral or bilateral lymph nodes involved
   4. N3: Fixed mass of regional lymph nodes
   5. N4: Juxtaregional lymph node involvement
   6. NX: Unable to assess lymph node involvement
5. Staging: Distant Metastatic Spread Staging: M
   1. MO: No distant metastasis identified
   2. M1: Distant metastasis found
   3. MX: Unable to assess metastases