See Also
1. Abdominal Hernia
Pathophysiology
1. Type of Ventral Hernia
2. Infants
  1. Umbilical ring usually closes by age 2 years
3. Predisposing factors in adults (paraumbilical hernia)
  1. Women with multiparity
  2. Obesity
  3. Cirrhosis with Ascites
  4. Increased intrathoracic pressure (e.g. Asthma, COPD)
Signs and Symptoms
1. Congenital hernia protrudes through firm collar
  1. Complete fibrous collar continuous with linea alba
  2. Palpable as firm ring
2. Adult paraumbilical hernias
  1. Soft hernia covered only by skin
  2. May be obscured by subcutaneous fat
Complications
1. High risk of Incarcerated Hernia, Strangulated Hernia
2. May entrap large bowel
References
1. Goroll (2000) Primary Care Medicine, p. 431-433
2. Degowin (1987) Diagnostic Examination, p. 489-96

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