Nephrology Book

Abnormally Decreased

  • Hypomagnesemia

Abnormally Increased

Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Chapter related topics

Pharmacology Chapter related topics

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HypomagnesemiaAka: Low Serum Magnesium

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  1. Causes
    1. Decreased Intake
      1. Protein calorie malnutrition
      2. Starvation
      3. Alcoholism
      4. Prolonged IV Therapy
        1. Inadequate parenteral supplementation
    2. Decreased Absorption
      1. Malabsorption (e.g. Celiac Sprue)
      2. Small intestine absorption
      3. Neonatal gut immaturity
    3. Excessive GI loss
      1. Prolonged gastric suction
      2. Laxatives
      3. Intestinal or biliary fistula
      4. Severe Diarrhea
    4. Excessive Renal Losses
      1. Diuretics
      2. Acute Tubular Necrosis (Diuretic phase)
      3. Acute Renal Failure diuresis
      4. Primary Aldosteronism
      5. Hypercalcemia
      6. Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA)
      7. Idiopathic renal wasting
      8. Chronic Renal Failure with wasting
    5. Miscellaneous Causes
      1. Idiopathic
      2. Acute Pancreatitis
      3. Porphyria with SIADH
      4. Multiple transfusions with citrated blood
    6. Endocrine
      1. Hyperthyroidism
      2. Hyperparathyroidism
      3. Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic Ketoacidosis
      4. Hyperaldosteronism
    7. Medications
      1. Cisplatin
      2. Cyclosporin
      3. Gentamycin
      4. Ticarcillin
      5. Carbenicillin
  2. Symptoms
    1. Weakness
    2. Vertigo
    3. Dysphagia
  3. Signs
    1. Seizures
    2. Tetany
    3. Chvostek's Signs
    4. Vertical Nystagmus
  4. Management
    1. See Magnesium Replacement

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