Rheumatology Book

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Fibromyalgia Non-Pharmacologic Management

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  1. See Also
    1. Fibromyalgia
    2. See Fibromyalgia Pharmacologic Management
  2. Management: Reassurance and Education
    1. Common, non-life threatening, real condition
    2. Extensive lab testing is unlikely to be helpful
    3. Establishing relationship with one doctor is helpful
      1. Positive and empathic physician
    4. Review how the diagnosis was made with the patient
      1. Firm diagnosis is key to improvement
    5. Outline the therapeutic plan
  3. Management: Maximize cardiovascular Exercise
    1. Simple, regular, achievable aerobic Exercise program
    2. Anticipate initial increase in myalgia and Fatigue
    3. Exercise conditioning ultimately improves function
    4. Choose low impact Exercise
      1. Water aerobics
      2. Bicycling
      3. Fast walking
    5. Exercise Program
      1. Start
        1. Five to 10 minutes per time at low intensity
        2. Gradually increase intensity as tolerated
      2. Goal
        1. Four times per week for 30 minutes per time
        2. Reach maximal Heart Rate
    6. Monitor progress by graphing Exercise time and symptoms
    7. References
      1. Richards (2002) BMJ 325:185
  4. Management: Keep patient employed
    1. Job modifications and improved ergonomics
    2. Work hour reductions may be needed
    3. Encourage walking and Stretching every 2-3 hours
    4. Education of work supervisors may be needed
    5. Consider "Return to Work" Centers
      1. Assess ergonomics and teach body mechanics
      2. Work hardening program
  5. Management: Improve Sleep Quality
    1. See Sleep Hygiene
    2. Consider Medications to improve sleep (see Insomnia)
    3. Treat specific sleep disorders
      1. Restless Legs Syndrome
      2. Periodic Limb Movement Disorder
      3. Sleep Apnea
  6. Management: Physical Therapy (focus on active techniques)
    1. Stretching and range of motion Exercises
    2. Muscle strengthening Exercises
    3. Teach proper posture and body mechanics
    4. Heat Therapy
      1. Hot Packs
      2. Hydrotherapy
    5. Cold Packs
    6. Ultrasound
    7. Myotherapy
      1. Massage therapy
      2. Manipulation
    8. Transcutaneous Nerve Stimulation (TENS)
    9. Acupuncture
  7. Management: Cognitive Behavior Therapy
    1. Individual or group therapy to assist behavior change
    2. Encourage a positive, active approach to condition
    3. Teaches realistic goal setting
    4. Relaxation techniques
      1. Biofeedback
      2. Meditation
      3. Stress Reduction
    5. Coping skills
      1. Self talk
      2. Distraction
    6. Increase social interactions
  8. Management: Treat Comorbid Mood Disorders
    1. Mental Health counseling
    2. Antidepressants (e.g. Cymbalta)

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