Prevention Book

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Statistical SignificanceAka: Statistically Significant, P-Value, Confidence Interval, Clinical Significance, Clinically Significant

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  1. Statistical Significance
    1. Probability that study findings are not due to chance
    2. P-Value is used to denote significance
      1. P-Value < 0.05: <5% that findings due to chance
      2. Reflects reproducibility of the study findings only
      3. Does not predict individual patient's effect
    3. Confidence Interval
      1. Provides a range of possible outcomes
      2. Example: Number Needed to Treat ranges from 20 to 100
      3. More clinically relevant
    4. Statistical significance does't mean clinically useful
      1. See Clinical Significance below
  2. Clinical Significance
    1. Reflects how much of an effect a patient sees
    2. Example:
      1. Study shows drug x significantly improves Hair Growth
      2. Reality: even the patient cannot see the difference

Confidence Intervals (C0009667)

Definition (MSH)A range of values for a variable of interest, e.g., a rate, constructed so that this range has a specified probability of including the true value of the variable.
ConceptsQuantitative Concept (T081)
MSHD016001
EnglishConfidence Interval, Confidence Intervals
Parent ConceptsStatistics as Topic (C1956348), Dispersion (C0332624)
SourcesMSH, NCI
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)



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