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Beta CaroteneAka: Carotenoid, Lipochrome, Xanthophyll

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  1. See Also
    1. Vitamin A
  2. Definitions
    1. Carotenoid
      1. Contained in pigmented vegetables (yellow to red)
      2. Pigments included in carotenoid group
        1. Beta Carotene
        2. Lycopene (red pigment in tomatoes and berries)
        3. Xanthophyll (yellow pigment with beta carotene)
      3. Carotenoids known as lipochromes once ingested
    2. Lipochromes
      1. Ingested carotenoids
      2. Concentrate in animal fat
  3. Sources of Beta Carotene
    1. Dark green leafy vegetables
      1. Spinach
      2. Chard
    2. Yellow Vegetables
      1. Carrots
      2. Squash
    3. Yellow fruits
      1. Mango
      2. Cantaloupe
  4. Physiology
    1. Beta Carotene is converted to Vitamin A in vivo
  5. Mechanism
    1. Antioxidant and Pro-oxidant effects
  6. Efficacy: Beta Carotene
    1. Does not reduce Cardiovascular disease or Cancer risk
      1. Based on 12 year DBPCT
      2. Experimental group give Beta Carotene 50 mg PO qod
    2. References
      1. Hennekens (1996) N Engl J Med 334:1145
  7. Adverse Effects: Beta Carotene
    1. Increased Incidence of Lung Cancer by 18% in Smokers
      1. DBPCT of Finnish smokers by 20 mg/day
      2. (1994) N Engl J Med 330:1029
    2. Increased Incidence Lung Cancer, CV and total mortality
      1. DBPCT of smokers and Asbestos-exposed workers
      2. Beta Carotene 30 mg and Vitamin A 25,000 IU
      3. GS Omenn (1996) N Engl J Med 334:1150
    3. Excessive Carotenoid ingestion
      1. May result in Carotenemia
  8. References
    1. (1988) Dorland's Medical Dictionary, Saunders, p. 276

Carotenoids (C0007271)

Definition (MSH)The general name for a group of fat-soluble pigments found in green, yellow, and leafy vegetables, and yellow fruits. They are aliphatic hydrocarbons consisting of a polyisoprene backbone.
Definition (CSP)group of fat-soluble pigments found in green, yellow, and leafy vegetables, and yellow fruits; they are aliphatic hydrocarbons consisting of a polyisoprene backbone.
Definition (NCI)Substance found in yellow and orange fruits and vegetables and in dark green, leafy vegetables. May reduce the risk of developing cancer.
Definition (NCI)A class of hydrocarbons (carotenes) and their oxygenated derivatives which exhibit chemopreventive properties. Carotenoids are pigments found in green, yellow, and leafy vegetables, and yellow fruits. The pigments are fat-soluble, unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons functioning as provitamins and are converted to vitamin A through enzymatic processes in the intestinal wall.
ConceptsOrganic Chemical (T109) , Biologically Active Substance (T123)
MSHD002338
EnglishCarotenes and Carotenoids, carotenoid, Carotenoids, Carotinoid, Carotinoids
Spanishcarotenoide
Parent Conceptstetraterpenes (C0682998), Pigment (C0031916), Terpenes (C0039561), Polyenes (C0032473), Pigments, Biological (C1571592), Cyclohexenes (C1720923), Antioxidants (C0003402)
SourcesAOD, CSP, LCH, MSH, NCI, NDFRT, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Beta Carotene (C0053396)

Definition (NCI)A vitamin A precursor. Beta carotene belongs to the family of fat-soluble vitamins called carotenoids.
Definition (MSH)A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. It is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC). (From Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Engewood, CO, 1995.)
Definition (PDQ)A naturally-occurring retinol (vitamin A) precursor obtained from certain fruits and vegetables with potential antineoplastic and chemopreventive activities. As an anti-oxidant, beta carotene inhibits free-radical damage to DNA. This agent also induces cell differentiation and apoptosis of some tumor cell types, particularly in early stages of tumorigenesis, and enhances immune system activity by stimulating the release of natural killer cells, lymphocytes, and monocytes. Check for "http://www.cancer.gov/Search/ClinicalTrialsLink.aspx?id=40992&idtype=1" active clinical trials or "http://www.cancer.gov/Search/ClinicalTrialsLink.aspx?id=40992&idtype=1&closed=1" closed clinical trials using this agent. ("http://nciterms.nci.nih.gov:80/NCIBrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&code=C1016" NCI Thesaurus)
Definition (NCI)A naturally-occurring retinol (vitamin A) precursor obtained from certain fruits and vegetables with potential antineoplastic and chemopreventive activities. As an anti-oxidant, beta carotene inhibits free-radical damage to DNA. This agent also induces cell differentiation and apoptosis of some tumor cell types, particularly in early stages of tumorigenesis, and enhances immune system activity by stimulating the release of natural killer cells, lymphocytes, and monocytes. (NCI04)
ConceptsOrganic Chemical (T109) , Pharmacologic Substance (T121) , Vitamin (T127)
MSHD019207
English.beta.-Carotene, beta Carotene, BETA CAROTENE PREPARATION, beta-carotene, Beta-carotene product, Betacarotene, Provitamin A, Trans-beta-carotene preparation
Spanishbeta - caroteno, betacaroteno, preparado con beta caroteno, preparado con trans-beta-caroteno, producto con betacaroteno
Parent ConceptsCarotenoids (C0007271), Dietary Supplements (C0242295), Carotene (C0007269), Vitamin A (C0042839), TO BE DELETED INGREDIENT PREPARATIONS (C1377153), Over the counter healthfood/herbal products (C0361218), Reason not stated concept (C1276325)
SourcesAOD, MSH, MTH, NCI, NDFRT, PDQ, RXNORM, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT, VANDF
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Xanthophylls (C0949636)

Definition (MSH)Oxygenated forms of carotenoids. They are usually derived from alpha and beta carotene.
ConceptsOrganic Chemical (T109) , Biologically Active Substance (T123)
MSHD024341
EnglishXanthophyll Carotenoids, Xanthophylls
Parent ConceptsCarotenoids (C0007271)
SourcesLCH, MSH, NCI
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)



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