Pharmacology Book

Alternative Medicine

  • Acupuncture

http://www.fpnotebook.com/

Acupuncture

Aka: Acupuncture
  1. See Also
    1. Traditional Chinese Medicine
  2. Indications:
    1. Probable efficacy: Based on NIH Consensus statement (1997)
      1. Adult post-operative pain
      2. Chemotherapy-induced Nausea
      3. Post-operative dental pain
    2. Probable efficacy: Additional indications based on more recent research
      1. Migraine Headache and Chronic Daily Headache
        1. Alecrim-Andrade (2008) Clin J Pain 24(2): 98-105
        2. Coeytaux (2005) Headache 45(9): 1113-23
        3. Streng (2006) Headache 46(10): 1492-1502
      2. Osteoarthritis-related joint pain
        1. White (2007) Rheumatology 46(3): 384-90
      3. Low Back Pain
        1. Yuan (2008) Spine 33(23): E887-E900
        2. Witt (2006) Am J Epidemiol 164(5): 487-96
      4. Chronic Neck Pain
        1. Witt (2006) Pain 125(1-2):98-106
        2. Fu (2009) J Altern Complement Med 15(2):133-45
    3. Possible efficacy
      1. Chemical Rehabilitation
      2. Cerebrovascular Accident rehabilitation
      3. Dysmenorrhea
      4. Lateral Epicondylitis
      5. Myofascial pain including Fibromyalgia
      6. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
      7. Asthma
  3. History
    1. Bian Stone Needles (dating to New Stone Age 4,000 to 10,000 years ago)
      1. First needles used as healing instruments
      2. Over time stone needles replaced by bamboo, animal bone slivers, copper and other metals
    2. Current Needles
      1. Rounded-tips with gauge of a human hair
      2. Sterile, single-use surgical steel needles
      3. Inserted either free-hand or with plastic guide tube
      4. Designed to push tissue to the side as opposed to standard needles which cut the skin
    3. Basis
      1. Health is maintained by remaining in balanced state
      2. Qi energy flows through the body along Meridians and this is disturbed by illness
      3. Body is traversed by 12 main and 8 extra Meridians
      4. Meridians contain >400 Acupuncture points in which the Qi flows closer to the surface
    4. Modern modifications
      1. Percutaneous nerve stimulation (electroacupuncture)
  4. Mechanism: Theories
    1. Gate Control Theory of pain
      1. Spinal cord transmits pain signals to the brain through high-traffic gates
      2. Acupuncture generates faster signals that block slower pain signals from reaching the brain
    2. Electrical Theory
      1. Body generates very low level electrical discharges (these can be detected by monitoring)
      2. Cell maturation and function is affected by electrical fields
      3. Acupuncture points are concentrated in areas of low electrical resistance
      4. Stimulating Acupuncture points alters chemical neurotransmitters
    3. Neurohormonal theory
      1. Acupuncture stimulates natural endorphins from the brain and results in Analgesic effect
  5. Adverse Effects: Severe and typically preventable reactions
    1. Infection
      1. Associated with non-sterile needle use
      2. In U.S., practitioners should use sterile, single-use needles
    2. Organ puncture (esp. lung, Bladder)
    3. Allergic Reactions to needle
      1. Associated with use of needle materials other than surgical steel
  6. Adverse Effects: General
    1. Localized inflammation at needle sites
    2. Localized bleeding at needle sites
  7. References
    1. Chon (2008) Mayo Selected Topics in Internal Medicine, Lecture
    2. Yuan (2006) Textbook of Complimentary and Alternative Medicine, Informa
      1. Paid link to Amazon.com (ISBN 0-443-03980-1)
    3. (1997) Acupuncture 15(5): 1-34

Acupuncture procedure (C0394664)

Definition (NCI) The practice of piercing specific points on the body with very thin sterile needles in order to relieve pain or induce regional anesthesia.
Definition (MEDLINEPLUS)

Acupuncture is the practice of inserting thin needles into specific body points to improve health and well-being. It originated in China more than 2,000 years ago. American practices of acupuncture use medical traditions from China, Japan, Korea and other countries. In the United States, the best-known type involves putting hair-thin, metallic needles in your skin.

Research has shown that acupuncture reduces nausea and vomiting after surgery and chemotherapy. It can also relieve pain. Researchers don't fully understand how acupuncture works. It might aid the activity of your body's pain-killing chemicals. It also might affect how you release chemicals that regulate blood pressure and flow.

NIH: National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Definition (NCI) The technique of inserting thin needles through the skin at specific points on the body to control pain and other symptoms. It is a type of complementary and alternative medicine.
Definition (MSH) Treatment of disease by inserting needles along specific pathways or meridians. The placement varies with the disease being treated. It is sometimes used in conjunction with heat, moxibustion, acupressure, or electric stimulation.
Concepts Therapeutic or Preventive Procedure (T061)
MSH D015670
ICD10 93173-00, 8E0H30Z
SnomedCT 150834009, 231098007, 150831001, 182616006, 44868003
English Acupuncture Therapy, Therapy, Acupuncture, Acupuncture, NOS, Acupuncture NOS, Acupuncture procedures, THER ACUPUNCTURE, ACUPUNCTURE THER, Acupuncture NOS (procedure), Acupuncture procedures (procedure), Other Procedures @ Physiological Systems and Anatomical Regions @ Other Procedures @ Integumentary System and Breast @ Percutaneous @ Acupuncture @ No Qualifier, acupuncture therapy, therapy acupuncture, Acupuncture, ACP - Acupuncture, Acupuncture (procedure), Acupuncture procedure, acupuncture
Italian Agopuntura, Terapia dell'agopuntura
Japanese 刺鍼法, ｼｼﾝﾎｳ, 鍼, はり療法, 刺鍼療法, 鍼刺激, ハリ療法, 鍼治療, 刺鍼術, 針治療, 鍼療法, 刺鍼
Swedish Akupunkturbehandling
Czech akupunkturní terapie, Akupunktura
Spanish Acupuncture, Acupuncture NOS, Acupuncture procedures, acupuntura (procedimiento), acupuntura, Acupuntura, Terapia por Acupuntura
Finnish Akupunktuurihoito
Russian AKUPUNKTURNAIA TERAPIIA, IGLOTERAPIIA, AKUPUNKTURA, АКУПУНКТУРА, АКУПУНКТУРНАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ, ИГЛОТЕРАПИЯ
French Thérapie par acupuncture, Traitement par acupuncture, Acupuncture
Croatian AKUPUNKTURA, TERAPIJSKA PRIMJENA
Polish Leczenie akupunkturą, Terapia akupunkturowa
Hungarian Acupunctura
Portuguese Acupunctura, Terapia por Acupuntura
Dutch acupunctuur, Acupunctuur
German Akupunktur, Akupunkturbehandlung, Akupunkturtherapie
Sources
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


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