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Probiotics

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  1. Definition
    1. Microorganisms taken as dietary supplements to help improve intestinal microbial balance
  2. Indications
    1. Prevention of antibiotic-associated Diarrhea
    2. Infectious Diarrhea
    3. Irritable Bowel Syndrome
    4. Atopic Dermatitis in Infants
  3. Contraindications
    1. Severe immunompromised state
    2. Short-Gut Syndrome (relative contraindication)
  4. Dosing
    1. Children: 5-10 Billion Colony Forming Units per day
    2. Adults: 10-20 Billion Colony Forming Units per day
  5. Components (most brands contain a mixture of multiple probiotic strains)
    1. Lactobacillus acidophilus
    2. Lactobacillus rhamnosus
    3. Lactobacillus bulgaricus
    4. Bifidobacterium bifidum
    5. Bifidobacterium longum
  6. Adverse Effects
    1. Flatulence
    2. Abdominal discomfort
  7. Drug Interactions
    1. None
  8. Efficacy
    1. Antibiotic Associated Diarrhea significantly reduced if probiotics started in first 3 days of antibiotics
      1. Sazawal (2006) Lancet Infect Dis 6(6):374
      2. McFarland (2006) Am J Gastroenterol 101(4):812
    2. Acute Infectious Diarrhea reduced duration with probiotics
      1. Canani (2007) BMJ 335(7615):340
    3. Irritable Bowel Syndrome with reduced symptoms in women on probiotics
      1. Whorwell (2006) Am J Gastroenterol 101(7):1581
    4. Atopic Disease development risk may be reduced with probiotics in infants
      1. Kalliomaki (2001) Lancet 357:1076
  9. References
    1. Doron (2005) Gastroenterol Clin North Am 34(3):483
    2. Kligler (2008) Am Fam Physician 78(9):1073

Probiotics (C0525033)

Definition (MSH)Live microbial DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS which beneficially affect the host animal by improving its intestinal microbial balance. Antibiotics and other related compounds are not included in this definition. In humans, lactobacilli are commonly used as probiotics, either as single species or in mixed culture with other bacteria. Other genera that have been used are bifidobacteria and streptococci. (J. Nutr. 1995;125:1401-12)
ConceptsBacterium (T007)
MSHD019936
EnglishProbiotic, Probiotics
Parent ConceptsDietary Supplements (C0242295)
SourcesCSP, MSH
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)



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