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GarlicAka: Allium sativum, Allicin

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  1. History
    1. Used in ancient medicine as far back as 5000 years ago
  2. Mechanism
    1. Active ingredient: Thiosulfinates (e.g. Allicin)
    2. Alliin converted to allicin by alliinase enzyme
      1. Alliinase released when garlic crushed or chopped
      2. Alliinase deactivated by heat and stomach acid
      3. Therefore allicin most active in raw, fresh form
  3. Efficacy: Well supported benefits
    1. Moderate lipid lowering effect (initial)
      1. Total Cholesterol may be reduced 4-6% initially
      2. Longterm benefits are unclear
      3. Stevinson (2000) Ann Intern Med 133:240
    2. Antihypertensive effect
      1. Lowers SBP up to 7 mmHg
      2. Lowers DBP up to 5 mmHg
      3. Ackermann (2001) Arch Intern Med 161:813
  4. Efficacy: Variable benefits
    1. Decreased risk of thrombosis and atherosclerosis
    2. Decreased Stomach Cancer and Colon Cancer risk
    3. Decreased infection risk
  5. Adverse Effects
    1. Halitosis and altered body odor
    2. Gastrointestinal upset
    3. Flatulence
  6. Precautions
    1. May prolong Bleeding Time
    2. Stop 7-10 days before surgery
  7. Dosing
    1. Raw garlic: 4 grams (1-2 cloves) daily
    2. Dried powder (enteric coated) 300 mg bid to tid
    3. Aged garlic extract 7.2 grams daily
  8. References
    1. Tattelman (2005) Am Fam Physician 72:103

allicin (C0051200)

ConceptsPharmacologic Substance (T121)
MSHC006452
Englishallicin, thio-2-propene-1-sulfinic acid S-allyl ester
SourcesMSH
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Garlic preparation (C0885057)

Definition (PDQ)A bulbous herb isolated from the plant Allium sativum with potential antineoplastic activity. Garlic contains a number of different organosulfur compounds, some of which have displayed antineoplastic activity. Check for "http://www.cancer.gov/Search/ClinicalTrialsLink.aspx?id=357490&idtype=1" active clinical trials or "http://www.cancer.gov/Search/ClinicalTrialsLink.aspx?id=357490&idtype=1&closed=1" closed clinical trials using this agent. ("http://nciterms.nci.nih.gov:80/NCIBrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&code=C38706" NCI Thesaurus)
Definition (NCI)The alcoholic extract of the bulb or whole garlic plant Allium sativum (Liliaceae) with potential antineoplastic activity. The garlic plant has long been considered a beneficial plant for health and has been used as an antihelmintic, a rubefacient, an anti-infective, and an antihypertensive. Fresh or aged, garlic extracts contain compounds such as diallyl and allyl propyl disulfides with potent antioxidant, cholesterol-lowering properties; regular ingestion may be preventative for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. (NCI04)
ConceptsOrganic Chemical (T109) , Pharmacologic Substance (T121)
Englishajo, Allium sativum, Allium sativum extract, GARLIC, Garlic Extract, Garlic preparation
Spanishextracto de Allium sativum
Parent ConceptsAntioxidants (C0003402), Natural Products (C1566558), Unclassified Ingredients (C1372954), Unclassified Ingredient Preparations (C1377282), Food specific allergen extract (C1445146)
SourcesMTH, NCI, NDFRT, PDQ, RXNORM, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)



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