Pediatrics Book

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Sudden Infant Death Syndrome

Aka: Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, Crib Death, SIDS
  1. See Also
    1. Apparent Life-Threatening Events In Children (ALTE)
  2. Epidemiology
    1. Incidence: 0.57 per 1000 live births
    2. Responsible for 2200 deaths per year in the United States
    3. Ages affected: 1 to 6 months (peaks at age 2 months)
    4. Most often occurs between midnight and 8 am
  3. Pathophysiology
    1. Triple-Risk Model (SIDS is final common pathway of 3 contributing factors)
      1. Underlying Vulnerability (e.g. Prolonged QT, Autonomic Dysfunction)
      2. Exogenous Stress (e.g. prone position)
      3. Stress occurs during critical time in development (age <1 year old)
  4. Risk Factors: Ordered by Level of Risk
    1. Major Risk Factors
      1. Bed Sharing with smoking mother (OR 13.90)
      2. Gestational age <37 weeks (OR 11.67)
      3. Soft bedding material (OR 5.10)
      4. Prone sleeping position (OR 4.30)
      5. Bed Sharing with non-smoking mother (OR 2.09)
      6. Mother smoked during pregnancy (OR 2.06)
    2. Other Risk Factors
      1. Smoke exposure as infant
      2. Side sleeping position
    3. Protective Factors
      1. Up-to-date Immunizations
      2. Pacifier use
    4. References
      1. Adams (2009) Am Fam Physician 79(10): 870-4
  5. Risk Factors: Overall
    1. Bed sharing prior to 4 months of age (especially with smoking mother)
    2. Prone sleeping position (also side sleeping to lesser extent)
    3. Parental Smoking (associated with 61% of SIDS deaths)
    4. Low birth weight
    5. Teenage parents
    6. Drug addiction in parents
    7. Family History of previous SIDS deaths
  6. Diagnosis: Autopsy
    1. Assess for other possible cause
    2. Findings consistent with SIDS
      1. Intrathoracic Petechiae
      2. Mild respiratory tract congestion
      3. Brainstem gliosis
      4. Extramedullary hematopoiesis
  7. Differential Diagnosis
    1. Anoxia (Aspiration, Asphyxiation, Drowning)
    2. Cardiac Arrhythmia or other anomaly
    3. Dehydration
    4. Inborn Errors of Metabolism
    5. Overwhelming infection (e.g. Neonatal Sepsis, Pneumonia)
    6. Poisoning
    7. Trauma
  8. Management: Family Support
    1. Counseling services
  9. Resources
    1. National SIDS Foundation
  10. Prevention
    1. Avoid bed sharing (at least prior to 4 months of age)
      1. Infants should sleep in their own bassinet or crib with firm surface
    2. Child should sleep in supine position
      1. Practice prevention of Deformational Plagiocephaly
    3. Tobacco Cessation for parents (prior to pregnancy or prenatally is best)
    4. Keep Immunizations up-to-date
  11. References
    1. Merenstein (1994) Handbook Pediatrics, Lange
    2. (1996) BMJ 313:191
    3. (1996) BMJ 313:195
    4. Adams (2009) Am Fam Physician 79(10): 870-4
    5. Alexander (2005) J Forensic Sci 50(1): 147-51

Sudden infant death syndrome (C0038644)

Definition (NCI) Unexpected death in infancy which remains unexplained following autopsy, review of the medical history, and investigation of the death circumstances and death scene.
Definition (MEDLINEPLUS)

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the sudden, unexplained death of an infant younger than one year old. Some people call SIDS "crib death" because many babies who die of SIDS are found in their cribs.

SIDS is the leading cause of death in children between one month and one year old. Most SIDS deaths occur when babies are between two months and four months old. Although health care professionals don't know what causes SIDS, they do know ways to reduce the risk. These include

  • Placing babies on their backs to sleep, even for short naps - "tummy time" is for when babies are awake and someone is watching
  • Using a firm sleep surface, such as a crib mattress covered with a fitted sheet
  • Keeping soft objects and loose bedding away from sleep area
  • Making sure babies don't get too hot - keep the room at a comfortable temperature for an adult

NIH: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development

Definition (NCI) The sudden and unexpected death of a healthy child who is younger than one year old, usually during sleep. The cause of SIDS is not known.
Definition (MSH) The abrupt and unexplained death of an apparently healthy infant under one year of age, remaining unexplained after a thorough case investigation, including performance of a complete autopsy, examination of the death scene, and review of the clinical history. (Pediatr Pathol 1991 Sep-Oct;11(5):677-84)
Definition (PSY) Unexpected death of an apparently healthy infant during sleep.
Definition (CSP) sudden and unexpected death of an apparently healthy infant, typically occurring between 3 weeks and 5 months of age, most infants dying at night, and not explained by postmortem data.
Concepts Disease or Syndrome (T047)
MSH D013398
ICD9 798.0
ICD10 R95
SnomedCT 207535006, 207536007, 207534005, 207538008, 207671002, 158718001, 51178009
English Death, sudden, unexpected, infant, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, SIDS, Cot Death, Cot Deaths, Crib Death, Death, Sudden Infant, Infant Death, Sudden, SID, Sudden Infant Death, DEATH INFANT SUDDEN, DEATH SUDDEN INFANT, Death, Cot, Death, Crib, INFANT DEATH SUDDEN, SUDDEN INFANT DEATH, SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME, Sudden infant death syndrome, Sudden death in infants, SIDS - Sudden inf death synd, [D]Cot death (context-dependent category), [D]Crib death (context-dependent category), [D]Sudden infant death syndrome (context-dependent category), [D]Sudden infant death syndrome NOS (context-dependent category), Sudden infant death, Sudden infant death syn.NOS, Sudden infant death syndr., Sudden infant death syndrome NOS, [D]Cot death, [D]Crib death, [D]Sudden infant death syn.NOS, [D]Sudden infant death syndr., [D]Sudden infant death syndrome, [D]Sudden infant death syndrome NOS, sudden infant death syndrome (diagnosis), sudden infant death syndrome, COT death, Cot death (event), [D]Cot death (situation), SIDS (Sudden infant death syndrome), Death infant sudden, Death sudden infant, Infant death sudden, [D]Sudden infant death syndrome NOS (situation), [D]Crib death (situation), [D]Sudden infant death syndrome (situation), Sudden infant death synd, SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome), crib death, Sudden Infant Death [Disease/Finding], crib deaths, sudden infant death, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), Cot death, Crib death, Unexpected sudden death of infant, SIDS - Sudden infant death syndrome, Sudden infant death syndrome (finding), cot death, cot death; death, death; cot death, death; sudden, cause unknown, infant (cot death), death; sudden, infant, infant death syndrome; sudden, infant; sudden death, sudden infant death syndrome [SIDS], sudden infant death; syndrome, sudden; death, cause unknown, infant (cot death), sudden; death, infant, sudden; infant death syndrome, syndrome; sudden infant death, Sudden death of nonspecific cause in infancy
Spanish MUERTE SUBITA INFANTIL, SMSL (Síndrome de muerte súbita del lactante), Muerte súbita del lactante, Muerte de cuna, [D]síndrome de muerte súbita infantil, SAI (categoría dependiente del contexto), [D]muerte en la cuna (categoría dependiente del contexto), [D]muerte en cama para bebés (categoría dependiente del contexto), [D]síndrome de muerte súbita infantil (categoría dependiente del contexto), Cot death, [D]Cot death, [D]síndrome de muerte súbita infantil, SAI, [D]síndrome de muerte súbita infantil, SAI (situación), [D]muerte en cama para bebés (situación), [D]síndrome de muerte súbita infantil (situación), [D]muerte en la cuna (situación), [D]muerte en la cuna, [D]síndrome de muerte súbita infantil, [D]muerte en cama para bebés, muerte en la cuna, muerte súbita inesperada del recién nacido, síndrome de muerte súbita del lactante (hallazgo), síndrome de muerte súbita del lactante, Síndrome de muerte súbita del lactante, SMSL, Muerte en la Cuna, Muerte Súbita Infantil, Muerte Subita Infantil, Muerte Subita del Lactante, Muerte Súbita del Lactante, Sindrome de la Muerte Subita Infantil, Sindrome de la Muerte Subita del Lactante, Síndrome de la Muerte Súbita Infantil, Síndrome de la Muerte Súbita del Lactante
German PLOETZLICHER KINDSTOD, Kindstod ploetzlich, SIDS (Sudden infant death syndrome), Wiegentod, Ploetzlicher Kindstod, ploetzlicher Kindstod, Kinderbettchentod, Krippentod, SIDS, Plötzlicher Kindstod, Plötzlicher Säuglingstod, Syndrom des plötzlichen Todes im Kindesalter
Italian Sindrome della morte improvvisa del lattante, Sindrome da morte improvvisa infantile (SIDS), Morte neonatale improvvisa, Morte improvvisa neonatale, SID, Morte in culla, SIDS, Sindrome della morte improvvisa del neonato, Morte improvvisa del neonato
Dutch plotselinge dood kind, wiegendood, SIDS (sudden-infant-death syndrome), dood; plotseling, oorzaak onbekend, zuigeling (wiegendood), dood; plotseling, zuigeling, dood; wiegendood, plots; zuigelingendood, plotseling; dood, oorzaak onbekend, zuigeling (wiegendood), plotseling; dood, zuigeling, sudden infant death; syndroom, syndroom; sudden infant death, wiegendood; dood, zuigeling; plotse dood, zuigelingendood; plots, Sudden infant death syndrome [wiegendood], sudden-infant-death syndrome, SIDS, Wiegendood
French Mort subite d'un enfant, Syndrome de mort subite d'un nourrisson (SMSN), Mort subite du nouveau-né, Mort subite chez le nourrisson, SYNDROME DE MORT SUBITE DU NOURI, Mort subite du nourrisson, Syndrome de mort subite du nourrisson, Mort au berceau, SMSN
Portuguese Morte súbita de bebé, MORTE SUBITA INFANTIL, Morte de recém-nascidos no berço, Síndrome de morte súbita de bebé, Morte Infantil Súbita, Morte no Berço, Morte Súbita do Lactente, Morte Súbita na Infância, SMSL, Síndrome da Morte Súbita do Lactente, Síndrome da Morte Súbita na Infância
Swedish Plötslig spädbarnsdöd
Japanese ニュウジトツゼンシショウコウグン, ベビーベッドシ, ニュウジトツゼンシ, SIDS, SIDS, 寝台死, 乳幼児突然死症候群, ベビーベッド死, 乳児急死, 乳児突然死, 乳幼児突然死, 揺籃死, 乳児突然死症候群, 幼児突然死
Czech náhlá smrt kojenců, Náhlá smrt dítěte, SIDS ( syndrom náhlého úmrtí dítěte ), Syndrom náhlého úmrtí dítěte, Úmrtí v postýlce, Náhlé úmrtí dítěte, Úmrtí kojence ve spánku
Finnish Kätkytkuolema
Russian NOVOROZHDENNOGO SMERT' VNEZAPNAIA, НОВОРОЖДЕННОГО СМЕРТЬ ВНЕЗАПНАЯ
Korean 영아 급사 증후군
Croatian SINDROM IZNENADNE SMRTI DOJENČETA, IZNENADNA SMRT DOJENČETA, SMRT, IZNENADNA, U DOJENČADI
Polish Śmierć nagła niemowląt
Hungarian Bölcsőhalál, Hirtelen csecsemőkori halál, Hirtelen csecsemőhalál, SIDS, Hirtelen csecsemőhalál syndroma, Csecsemőkori hirtelen halál, SIDS (hirtelen csecsemőhalál syndroma)
Sources
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


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