II. Epidemiology

  1. Presents in infancy

III. Predisposing factors

  1. Other congenital anomalies
    1. Tracheoesophageal fistula
    2. Vascular Ring
  2. Prolonged intubation
  3. Prolonged Pediatric Gastroesophageal Reflux disease

IV. Signs

  1. Barking cough
  2. Expiratory Wheeze
  3. Provocative factors (increase Wheezing)
    1. Crying
    2. Feeding
    3. Cough
    4. Nebulized beta Agonists

V. Diagnosis

  1. Bronchoscopy while child breathes spontaneously

VI. Management

  1. Supportive care
  2. Severe Tracheomalacia
    1. Tracheostomy
    2. CPAP

VII. Course

  1. Self limited
  2. Improves by age 12 to 24 months

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