Orthopedics Book

Ankle Disorders

Approach

Cervical Spine Disorders

Cervicobrachial Disorders

Elbow Disorders

Foot Disorders

Hand Disorders

Hip Disorders

Infectious Disease

Knee Disorders

Lumbar Spine Disorders

Miscellaneous

Shoulder Disorders

Thoracic Spine Disorders

Wrist Disorders

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Elbow Anatomy

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  1. General: Landmarks form triangle (Elbow at 90 degrees)
    1. Olecranon
    2. Lateral epicondyle
    3. Medial epicondyle
  2. Humerus
    1. Widens distally forming lateral and medial epicondyles
  3. Radial Head
    1. Articulates with capitellum (at lateral epicondyle)
    2. Articulates with lateral ulna
    3. Held in position by orbicular ligament
    4. Easily palpable near lateral epicondyle
  4. Ulna
    1. Articulates with Trochlea (at Medial epicondyle)
  5. Epicondyles
    1. Adjacent to humeral condyles
    2. Provides forearm muscle insertions
      1. Flexor-pronator muscles attach to medial epicondyle
      2. Extensor-Supinators attach to lateral epicondyle
  6. Other muscle insertions
    1. Triceps attaches to Olecranon posteriorly
    2. Biceps and brachialis attach to radius and ulna
    3. Pronators and Supinators Mnemonic
      1. MFP: medial (epicondyle) flexors and pronators
      2. LES: lateral (epicondyle) extensors and supinators
  7. Collateral Ligaments
    1. Medial and Lateral collateral ligaments add stability
  8. Nerves
    1. Median Nerve
      1. Deep in antecubital fossa
      2. Medial to biceps
    2. Radial Nerve
      1. Lateral to biceps and brachialis muscles
    3. Ulnar Nerve
      1. Posterior to medial epicondyle
      2. In groove between medial epicondyle and Olecranon
      3. Superficial, and vulnerable to injury

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