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Radiation Exposure in Pregnancy
Aka: Radiation Exposure in Pregnancy, Fetal Radiation Exposure, Prenatal Radiation Exposure
- Adverse Effects: Plain XRay - Radiation Exposure to unshielded Uterus
- Abdominal XRay
- PA: 0.1 - 0.3 RADS
- AP: <0.9 RADS
- Lumbar Spine XRay: 0.35 to 0.62 RADS
- Pelvis XRAy (AP): 0.04 to 0.24 RADS
- Hip and femur: 0.051 to 0.37 RADS
- Minimal to no radition exposure (<0.01 RADS)
- Chest XRay
- Cervical Spine XRay
- Thoracic spin XRay (AP)
- Upper or lower extremity (not including hip)
- Adverse Effects: CT - Radiation exposure to unshielded Uterus
- CT Upper Abdomen (10 slice) : 0.24 to 2.6 RADS
- CT Entire Abdomen: <4.6 RADS
- CT Head: <0.05 RADS
- CT Pelvis: 0.73 to 4.6 RADS
- CT Chest: 0.10 to 0.45 RADS
- CT Lumbar Spine: 3.5 RADS
- Adverse Effects: Miscellaneous Contrast Studies
- Barium Enema: 0.7 to 4.0 RADS
- Intravenous Pyelogram (IVP): 0.36 to 1.40 RADS
- Ventilation-Perfusion Scan: 0.06 to 1.0 RADS
- Upper GI Series: 0.048 to 0.36 RADS
- Adverse Effects: Harmful Radiation Levels to fetus
- RADS: 0
- Childhood cancer risk 0.3% (background, baseline risk without radiation esposure)
- RADS: 0-5
- Childhood cancer risk 0.3 to 1%
- RADs: 5-50
- Fetal Exposure in first 47 days
- Spontaneous Abortion (especially in first 2 weeks)
- Associated with major malformations or IUGR in surviving fetus
- Fetal Exposure from 8-15 weeks (During fetogenesis)
- Live fetus
- Risk of congenital malformation increased 1 to 3%
- Mental retardation and other CNS effects
- Microcephaly
- Intrauterine Growth restriction
- Childhood cancer risk 1-6%
- RADs: >50
- Childhood cancer risk >6%
- High risk of abortion, major malformations, reduced IQ
- Prevention: Reduction of fetal exposure
- Avoid radiation exposure in first trimester
- Consider cone to focus radiation beam
- Focus on suspected area of concern
- Shield gravid Pelvis
- Avoid dental radiography during pregnancy
- Associated with low birth weight infants
- Likely mediated via Thyroid exposure
- Hujoel (2004) JAMA 291:1987-93
- References
- North (2002) J Am Coll Surg 194:100-1
- De Santis (2007) Birth Defects Res C Embryo Today 81(3): 177-82
- Doll (1997) Br J Radiol 70:130-9
- Streffer (2003) Ann ICRP 33(1-2):5-206
- Williams (2010) Am Fam Physician 82(5): 488-93