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CephalhematomaAka: Cephalohematoma

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  1. See also
    1. Birth Trauma
    2. Newborn Head and Neck Exam
    3. Newborn Neurologic Exam
  2. Epidemiology
    1. Incidence: 0.2 to 2.5% of live births
  3. Causes
    1. Prolonged labor
    2. Instrumented delivery (e.g. forceps)
  4. Pathophysiology
    1. Rupture of blood vessels between skull and periosteum
    2. Results in subperiosteal blood collection
    3. Bleeding limited by Suture lines
  5. Signs
    1. Cephalhematoma does not cross Suture lines
    2. Well-demarcated, fluctuant swelling
    3. Most commonly occurs over parietal bone
    4. No overlying Skin Discoloration
    5. Appears by day 2-3 of life
  6. Differential Diagnosis
    1. Cranial Meningocele (Occipital Cephalhematoma)
      1. Pulsates, and increased pressure on crying
  7. Associated Conditions
    1. Linear skull Fracture (occurs in 5 to 20% of cases)
      1. See Skull Fracture from Birth Trauma
  8. Complications of severe Cephalhematoma
    1. Hyperbilirubinemia
    2. Meningitis
    3. Osteomyelitis
    4. Intracranial Hemorrhage
      1. Anemia
      2. Hypotension
  9. Radiology
    1. Indications for Skull XRay or CT Head
      1. CNS signs
      2. Large Cephalhematoma
      3. Difficult delivery
    2. Findings
      1. Tangential view of cephalhematoma
        1. Homogenous soft tissue density
        2. Sharply demarcated convex outer border
        3. Over time border develops fine calcified rim
      2. Skull Fracture may be associated finding
        1. See Skull Fracture from Birth Trauma
  10. Course
    1. Resolves over 2 weeks to 3 months
    2. Residual calcification may occur in 1% of cases
  11. Management
    1. Observation in uncomplicated cases
    2. Significant blood accumulation therapy
      1. Transfusion
      2. Phototherapy
    3. Fracture
      1. See Skull Fracture from Birth Trauma
  12. References
    1. Gabbe (1996) Obstetrics, Churchill-Livingstone, p.661-2
    2. Behrman (2000) Nelson Pediatrics, Saunders, p. 489
    3. Weintraub (2000) Otolaryngol Clin North Am 33:1171

Cephalhematoma due to birth trauma (C0007722)

Definition (NCI)A subperiosteal hemorrhage limited to the surface of one cranial bone, a usually benign condition seen in the newborn as a result of bone trauma.
Definition (NCI)A subperiosteal hemorrhage limited to the surface of one cranial bone, a usually benign condition seen in the newborn as a result of bone trauma.
ConceptsInjury or Poisoning (T037)
ICD9767.19
EnglishCephalhaematoma, Cephalhaematoma due to birth trauma, Cephalhematoma, Cephalhematoma due to birth trauma, Cephalohaematoma, Cephalohematoma, Fetal cephalhaematoma, Fetal cephalhematoma
Spanishcefalohematoma, cefalohematoma fetal, cefalohematoma por traumatismo obstétrico, cefalohematoma por traumatismo obstetrico
CreditsDerived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)



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