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Neisseria MeningitidisAka: Meningococcus, Meningococcemia

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  1. See also
    1. Bacterial Meningitis
  2. Epidemiology
    1. Among top 2 causes of Bacterial Meningitis in U.S.
      1. Most common in young adults and children (esp. <2)
    2. Incidence
      1. Up to 2800 cases per year per year in the U.S.
      2. One case per 100,000 people
    3. Exposure risks
      1. Sporadic cases are most common
      2. Outbreaks in close quarters (e.g. Dormitory)
  3. Pathophysiology
    1. Neisseria meningitidis is normal oral flora in 10%
    2. Transmission
      1. Respiratory secretions passed via aerosol or contact
    3. Serogroups (13): Disease caused by A, B, C, W-135, Y
  4. Risk Factors
    1. Living in dormitory or military barracks
    2. More common in white males
    3. Tobacco use
    4. Recent Upper Respiratory Infection
  5. Management
    1. See Bacterial Meningitis Management
  6. Prevention
    1. See Meningococcal Vaccine
  7. Prevention: Post-Exposure Prophylaxis
    1. Indications: High risk exposures
      1. Household contacts (up to 800 fold increase in risk)
      2. Child care centers
      3. Oral secretion exposure
      4. Long-distance (>8 hours) travel next to source
    2. Prophylaxis options (pick one)
      1. Rifampin
        1. Age <1 month: 5 mg/kg PO q12h for 2 days
        2. Age >1 month: 10 mg/kg (max: 600) PO q12h x2 days
        3. Adults: 600 mg PO every 12 hours for 2 days
      2. Ciprofloxacin (adults) 500 mg PO for one dose
      3. Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)
        1. Age <15 years: 125 mg IM for one dose
        2. Age >15 years: 250 mg IM for one dose
    3. References
      1. Bilukha (2005) MMWR Recomm Rep 54:1
  8. Prognosis
    1. Mortality: Approaches 14% despite treatment
    2. Serious residual morbidity approaches 19%
  9. References
    1. Kimmel (2005) Am Fam Physician 72:2049

[X]Meningococcemia, unspecified (C0025306)

ConceptsDisease or Syndrome (T047)
ICD9036.2
EnglishMeningococcaemia, Meningococcal septicaemia, Meningococcal septicemia, Meningococcemia
Spanishmeningococemia, septicemia meningocócica, septicemia meningococica
CreditsDerived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Neisseria meningitidis (C0027575)

Definition (CSP)gram-negative, aerobic bacteria; a commensal and pathogen only of humans, and can be carried asymptomatically in the nasopharynx; when found in cerebrospinal fluid it is the causative agent of cerebrospinal meningitis; also found in venereal discharges and blood; there are at least 13 serogroups based on antigenic differences in the capsular polysaccharides; the ones causing most meningitis infections being A, B, C, Y, and W-135; each serogroup can be further classifed by serotype, serosubtype, and immunotype.
Definition (MSH)A species of gram-negative, aerobic BACTERIA. It is a commensal and pathogen only of humans, and can be carried asymptomatically in the NASOPHARYNX. When found in cerebrospinal fluid it is the causative agent of cerebrospinal meningitis (MENINGITIS, MENINGOCOCCAL). It is also found in venereal discharges and blood. There are at least 13 serogroups based on antigenic differences in the capsular polysaccharides; the ones causing most meningitis infections being A, B, C, Y, and W-135. Each serogroup can be further classified by serotype, serosubtype, and immunotype.
ConceptsBacterium (T007)
EnglishDiplokokkus intracellularis meningitidis, Meningococcus, Micrococcus intracellularis, Micrococcus meningitidis, Micrococcus meningitidis cerebrospinalis, N. meningitidis, Neisseria intracellularis, Neisseria meningitidis, Neisseria weichselbaumii
Spanishmeningococo
CreditsDerived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)



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