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Meningococcal MeningitisAka: Neisseria Meningitidis, Meningococcus, Meningococcemia

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  1. See also
    1. Bacterial Meningitis
  2. Epidemiology
    1. Among top 2 causes of Bacterial Meningitis in U.S.
      1. Most common in young adults and children (esp. <2)
    2. Incidence
      1. Up to 2800 cases per year per year in the U.S.
      2. One case per 100,000 people
    3. Exposure risks
      1. Sporadic cases are most common
      2. Outbreaks in close quarters (e.g. Dormitory)
  3. Pathophysiology
    1. Neisseria meningitidis is normal oral flora in 10%
    2. Transmission
      1. Respiratory secretions passed via aerosol or contact
    3. Serogroups (13): Disease caused by A, B, C, W-135, Y
  4. Risk Factors
    1. Living in dormitory or military barracks
    2. More common in white males
    3. Tobacco use
    4. Recent Upper Respiratory Infection
  5. Management
    1. See Bacterial Meningitis Management
  6. Prevention
    1. See Meningococcal Vaccine
  7. Prevention: Post-Exposure Prophylaxis
    1. Indications: High risk exposures
      1. Household contacts (up to 800 fold increase in risk)
      2. Child care centers
      3. Oral secretion exposure
      4. Long-distance (>8 hours) travel next to source
    2. Prophylaxis options (pick one)
      1. Rifampin
        1. Age <1 month: 5 mg/kg PO q12h for 2 days
        2. Age >1 month: 10 mg/kg (max: 600) PO q12h x2 days
        3. Adults: 600 mg PO every 12 hours for 2 days
      2. Ciprofloxacin (adults) 500 mg PO for one dose
      3. Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)
        1. Age <15 years: 125 mg IM for one dose
        2. Age >15 years: 250 mg IM for one dose
    3. References
      1. Bilukha (2005) MMWR Recomm Rep 54:1
  8. Prognosis
    1. Mortality: Approaches 14% despite treatment
    2. Serious residual morbidity approaches 19%
  9. References
    1. Kimmel (2005) Am Fam Physician 72:2049

Meningococcal meningitis (C0025294)

Definition (MSH)A fulminant infection of the meninges and subarachnoid fluid by the bacterium NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS, producing diffuse inflammation and peri-meningeal venous thromboses. Clinical manifestations include FEVER, nuchal rigidity, SEIZURES, severe HEADACHE, petechial rash, stupor, focal neurologic deficits, HYDROCEPHALUS, and COMA. The organism is usually transmitted via nasopharyngeal secretions and is a leading cause of meningitis in children and young adults. Organisms from Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A, B, C, Y, and W-135 have been reported to cause meningitis. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp689-701; Curr Opin Pediatr 1998 Feb;10(1):13-8)
ConceptsDisease or Syndrome (T047)
ICD9036.0
MSHD008585
EnglishEpidemic meningitis, Meningococcal meningitis
Spanishmeningitis epidemica, meningitis meningococica
Parent ConceptsMeningococcal Infections (C0025303), Meningitis, Bacterial (C0085437), Bacterial meningitis due to Gram-negative bacteria (C0854215), Ambiguous concept (C1274012), Duplicate concept (C1274013)
SourcesCOSTAR, CSP, DXP, ICD9CM, MSH, MTH, NDFRT, QMR, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Meningococcal Infections (C0025303)

Definition (MSH)Infections with bacteria of the species NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS.
ConceptsDisease or Syndrome (T047)
ICD9036, 036.9, 036.9, V02.59
MSHD008589
EnglishINFECT MENINGOCOCCAL, Infection due to Neisseria meningitidis, Meningococcal diseases, MENINGOCOCCAL INFECT, Meningococcal Infection, Meningococcal Infections, Meningococcal infectious disease
Spanishenfermedad infecciosa meningococica, infeccion meningococica, infeccion por Neisseria meningitidis
Parent ConceptsBacterial Infections (C0004623), Meningococcal Infections (C0025303), Neisseriaceae Infections (C0085396), Disease due to Neisseria (C1444087), Duplicate concept (C1274013)
SourcesICD9CM, MSH, MTH, MTHICD9, NDFRT, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Neisseria meningitidis (C0027575)

Definition (CSP)gram-negative, aerobic bacteria; a commensal and pathogen only of humans, and can be carried asymptomatically in the nasopharynx; when found in cerebrospinal fluid it is the causative agent of cerebrospinal meningitis; also found in venereal discharges and blood; there are at least 13 serogroups based on antigenic differences in the capsular polysaccharides; the ones causing most meningitis infections being A, B, C, Y, and W-135; each serogroup can be further classifed by serotype, serosubtype, and immunotype.
Definition (MSH)A species of gram-negative, aerobic BACTERIA. It is a commensal and pathogen only of humans, and can be carried asymptomatically in the NASOPHARYNX. When found in cerebrospinal fluid it is the causative agent of cerebrospinal meningitis (MENINGITIS, MENINGOCOCCAL). It is also found in venereal discharges and blood. There are at least 13 serogroups based on antigenic differences in the capsular polysaccharides; the ones causing most meningitis infections being A, B, C, Y, and W-135. Each serogroup can be further classified by serotype, serosubtype, and immunotype.
ConceptsBacterium (T007)
MSHD009345
EnglishDiplokokkus intracellularis meningitidis, Meningococcus, Micrococcus intracellularis, Micrococcus meningitidis, Micrococcus meningitidis cerebrospinalis, N. meningitidis, Neisseria intracellularis, Neisseria meningitidis, Neisseria weichselbaumii
Spanishmeningococo
Parent ConceptsNeisseriaceae (C0027576), Neisseria (C0027571), Unclassified Ingredients (C1372954)
SourcesAOD, CSP, LCH, LNC, MSH, MTH, NCBI, NDFRT, RXNORM, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)



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