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Meningococcal Meningitis
Aka: Meningococcal Meningitis, Neisseria Meningitidis, Meningococcus, Meningococcemia- See also
- Epidemiology
- Among top 2 causes of Bacterial Meningitis in U.S. (other is streptococcal Pneumoniae Meningitis)
- Most common in young adults and children (esp. age <2 years)
- Incidence
- Up to 2800 cases per year per year in the U.S.
- One case per 100,000 people
- Exposure risks
- Sporadic cases are most common
- Outbreaks in close quarters (e.g. Dormitory)
- Among top 2 causes of Bacterial Meningitis in U.S. (other is streptococcal Pneumoniae Meningitis)
- Pathophysiology
- Neisseria Meningitidis is normal oral flora in 10%
- Transmission
- Respiratory secretions passed via aerosol or contact
- Serogroups (13): Disease caused by A, B, C, W-135, Y
- Risk Factors
- Living in dormitory or military barracks
- More common in white males
- Tobacco use
- Recent Upper Respiratory Infection
- Management
- Prevention
- Prevention: Post-Exposure Prophylaxis
- Indications: High risk exposures
- Household contacts (up to 800 fold increase in risk)
- Child care centers
- Oral secretion exposure
- Long-distance (>8 hours) travel next to source
- Prophylaxis options (pick one)
- Rifampin
- Age <1 month: 5 mg/kg PO q12h for 2 days
- Age >1 month: 10 mg/kg (max: 600) PO q12h x2 days
- Adults: 600 mg PO every 12 hours for 2 days
- Ciprofloxacin (adults) 500 mg PO for one dose
- Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)
- Age <15 years: 125 mg IM for one dose
- Age >15 years: 250 mg IM for one dose
- Rifampin
- References
- Indications: High risk exposures
- Prognosis
- Mortality: Approaches 14% despite treatment
- Serious residual morbidity approaches 19%
- References
Meningococcal meningitis (C0025294) |
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| Definition (MSH) | A fulminant infection of the meninges and subarachnoid fluid by the bacterium NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS, producing diffuse inflammation and peri-meningeal venous thromboses. Clinical manifestations include FEVER, nuchal rigidity, SEIZURES, severe HEADACHE, petechial rash, stupor, focal neurologic deficits, HYDROCEPHALUS, and COMA. The organism is usually transmitted via nasopharyngeal secretions and is a leading cause of meningitis in children and young adults. Organisms from Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A, B, C, Y, and W-135 have been reported to cause meningitis. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp689-701; Curr Opin Pediatr 1998 Feb;10(1):13-8) |
| Concepts | Disease or Syndrome (T047) |
| MSH | D008585 |
| ICD9 | 036.0 |
| ICD10 | A39.0 |
| SnomedCT | 186363003, 154307005, 28476005, 192644005 |
| English | Meningitis, Meningococcal, Meningitis, Meningococcic, MENINGITIS, MENINGOCOCCAL, Meningococcal Meningitis, MENINGOCOCCAL MENINGITIS, MENINGITIS MENINGOCOCCAL, meningococcal meningitis (diagnosis), meningococcal meningitis, Neisseria meningitides meningitis, Meningitis meningococcal, Meningitis, Meningococcal [Disease/Finding], Meningitis;meningococcal, meningitis meningococcal, meningococcic meningitis, epidemics meningitis, Epidemic meningitis, Meningococcal meningitis (disorder), Meningococcal meningitis (disorder) [Ambiguous], Meningococcal meningitis |
| French | MENINGITE MENINGOCOCCIQUE, Méningite à Neisseria meningitides, Méningite cérébro-spinale, Méningite méningococcique, Méningite cérébrospinale à méningocoques, Méningite cérébrospinale, Méningite à Neisseria meningitidis, Méningite à méningocoques, Méningite à méningocoque |
| Portuguese | MENINGITE MENINGOCOCICA, Meningite a Neisseria meningitidis, Meningite meningocócica, Meningite Meningocóccica, Meningite Meningocócica |
| Italian | Meningite menigococcica, Meningite da Neisseria meningitides, Meningite meningococcica |
| Dutch | meningokokkenmeningitis, Neisseria meningitides meningitis, Meningitis door meningokokken, meningokokkenhersenvliesontsteking, Meningitis, meningokokken, Meningokokkenmeningitis |
| German | Neisseria meningitides Meningitis, Meningokokken-Meningitis, MENINGITIS DURCH MENINGOKOKKEN, Meningokokkenmeningitis, Meningitis durch Meningokokken, Meningitis, Meningokokken- |
| Spanish | Meningitis por Neisseria meningitidis, Meningococcal meningitis, meningitis epidémica, meningitis meningocócica (concepto no activo), meningitis meningocócica (trastorno), meningitis meningocócica, Meningitis meningocócica, Meningitis Meningocóccica, Meningitis Meningocócica, Meningitis Meningococcica, Meningitis Meningococica |
| Swedish | Hjärnhinneinflammation, meningokock |
| Japanese | ｽﾞｲﾏｸｴﾝｷﾝｾｲｽﾞｲﾏｸｴﾝ, 髄膜炎-髄膜炎菌性, 流行性脳脊髄膜炎, 流行性髄膜炎, 髄膜炎菌性脳脊髄膜炎, 髄膜炎菌性髄膜炎, 脳脊髄膜炎-流行性, 脳脊髄膜炎-髄膜炎菌性, 髄膜炎-流行性 |
| Czech | meningitida meningokoková, Meningitida vyvolaná Neisseria meningitidis, Meningokoková meningitida |
| Finnish | Meningokokkimeningiitti |
| Russian | MENINGIT MENINGOKOKKOVYI, МЕНИНГИТ МЕНИНГОКОККОВЫЙ |
| Korean | 수막알균 수막염 |
| Croatian | MENINGITIS, MENINGOKOKNI |
| Polish | Meningokokowe zapalenie opon mózgowo-rdzeniowych, Zapalenie opon meningokokowe |
| Hungarian | Meningococcus okozta agyhártyagyulladás, meningococcalis meningitis, Neisseria meningitidis meningitis |
| Sources |
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System) |
Meningococcal Infections (C0025303) |
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| Definition (MEDLINEPLUS) |
Meningococci are a type of bacteria that cause serious infections. The most frequent is meningitis, which is an inflammation of the thin tissue that surrounds the brain and spinal cord. Meningococci can also cause other problems, including a serious bloodstream infection called sepsis. Meningococcal infections can be spread from person to person. They are common in people living in close quarters, such as college students or military recruits. In its early stages, you may have flu-like symptoms and a stiff neck. But the disease can progress quickly and can be fatal. Early diagnosis and treatment are extremely important. Treatment is with antibiotics. Since the infection spreads from person to person, family members may also need to be treated. A vaccine can prevent meningococcal infections. |
| Definition (MSH) | Infections with bacteria of the species NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS. |
| Concepts | Disease or Syndrome (T047) |
| MSH | D008589 |
| ICD9 | 036.9, 036 |
| ICD10 | A39, A39.9 |
| SnomedCT | 154306001, 187328003, 186377000, 23511006 |
| English | Infections, Meningococcal, Meningococcal Infections, Infection, Meningococcal, Meningococcal Infection, MENINGOCOCCAL INFECTIONS, Meningococcal infection, NOS, Meningococcal infectious disease, NOS, Meningococal infectn,unspcf, Meningococcal infection NOS, Meningococcal infection, unspecified, [X]Meningococal infectn,unspcf, [X]Meningococcal infection, unspecified, INFECT MENINGOCOCCAL, MENINGOCOCCAL INFECT, meningococcal infection, meningococcal infection (diagnosis), E-127 MENINGOCOCCAL INFECTIONS, Meningococcal infection (disorder), Neisseria meningitidis infection NOS, Unspecified meningococcal infection, [X]Meningococcal infection, unspecified (disorder), Meningococcal infect NOS, Meningococcal infection NOS (disorder), Meningococcal disease NOS, Meningococcal Infections [Disease/Finding], disease meningococcal, meningococcal diseases, meningococcal disease, meningococcal infections, Infection;meningococcal, Meningococcal infectious disease, Meningococcal infection, Infection due to Neisseria meningitidis, Meningococcal infectious disease (disorder), infection; meningococcal, meningococcal; infection, Meningococcal diseases |
| Italian | Infezione meningococcica, Infezione meningococcica, non specificata, Infezione meningococcica non specificata, Infezione da Neisseria meningitidis NAS, Infezioni meningococciche |
| Dutch | Neisseria meningitidisinfectie NAO, meningokokkeninfectie, niet-gespecificeerd, niet-gespecificeerde meningokokkeninfectie, infectie; meningokokken, meningokokken; infectie, Meningokokkeninfectie, niet gespecificeerd, meningokokkeninfectie, Infectie, meningokokken-, Infecties, meningokokken-, Meningokokkeninfectie, Meningokokkeninfecties |
| French | Infection méningococcique, non précisée, Infection méningococcique non précisée, Infection à méningocoques SAI, Infection méningococcique, Infections méningococciques, Infections à méningocoques, Méningococcies |
| German | Neisseria meningitidis-Infektion NNB, unspezifische Meningokokken-Infektion, Meningokokken-Infektion unspezifisch, Meningokokkeninfektion, nicht naeher bezeichnet, Meningokokkeninfektion, Meningokokkeninfektionen |
| Portuguese | Infecção a Neisseria meningitidis NE, Infecção meningocócica NE, Infecção miningocócica NE, Infecções por Meningococos, Infecções por Neisseria meningitidis, Infecção meningocócica, Infecções Meningocócicas |
| Spanish | Infección meningocócica no especificada, Infección por Neisseria meningitidis NEOM, Meningococcal infection, Infecciones por Meningococos, Infecciones por Neisseria meningitidis, [X]infección meningocócica, no especificada (trastorno), [X]infección meningocócica, no especificada, enfermedad infecciosa meningocócica (trastorno), enfermedad infecciosa meningocócica, infección meningocócica (trastorno), infección meningocócica, SAI (trastorno), infección meningocócica, SAI, infección meningocócica, infección por Neisseria meningitidis, Infección meningocócica, Infecciones Meningocócicas, Infecciones Meningococicas |
| Japanese | 髄膜炎菌感染, 髄膜炎菌感染、詳細不明, 髄膜炎菌感染ＮＯＳ, 詳細不明の髄膜炎菌感染, ｽﾞｲﾏｸｴﾝｷﾝｶﾝｾﾝNOS, ｼｮｳｻｲﾌﾒｲﾉｽﾞｲﾏｸｴﾝｷﾝｶﾝｾﾝ, ｽﾞｲﾏｸｴﾝｷﾝｶﾝｾﾝｼｮｳｻｲﾌﾒｲ, ｽﾞｲﾏｸｴﾝｷﾝｶﾝｾﾝ, 髄膜炎菌感染症 |
| Swedish | Meningokockinfektioner |
| Czech | Meningococcus - infekce, Meningokoková infekce, Infekce Neisseria meningitidis NOS, Meningokoková infekce, blíže neurčená, Blíže neurčená meningokoková infekce |
| Finnish | Meningokokki-infektiot |
| Russian | MENINGOKOKKOVYE INFEKTSII, МЕНИНГОКОККОВЫЕ ИНФЕКЦИИ |
| Korean | 수막알균 감염, 상세불명의 수막알균 감염 |
| Croatian | MENINGOKOKNE INFEKCIJE |
| Polish | Zakażenie meningokokowe, Zakażenie Neisseria meningitidis |
| Hungarian | nem meghatározott meningococcalis fertőzés, meningococcus fertőzés, Neisseria meningitidis fertőzés k.m.n., meningococcus fertőzés, nem meghatározott |
| Sources |
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System) |
Neisseria meningitidis (C0027575) |
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| Definition (NCI) | Any bacterial organism that can be assigned to the species Neisseria meningitidis. |
| Definition (NCI) | A gram negative diplococcal bacterium that is a causative agent for meningitis and other meningococcal diseases. |
| Definition (MSH) | A species of gram-negative, aerobic BACTERIA. It is a commensal and pathogen only of humans, and can be carried asymptomatically in the NASOPHARYNX. When found in cerebrospinal fluid it is the causative agent of cerebrospinal meningitis (MENINGITIS, MENINGOCOCCAL). It is also found in venereal discharges and blood. There are at least 13 serogroups based on antigenic differences in the capsular polysaccharides; the ones causing most meningitis infections being A, B, C, Y, and W-135. Each serogroup can be further classified by serotype, serosubtype, and immunotype. |
| Definition (CSP) | gram-negative, aerobic bacteria; a commensal and pathogen only of humans, and can be carried asymptomatically in the nasopharynx; when found in cerebrospinal fluid it is the causative agent of cerebrospinal meningitis; also found in venereal discharges and blood; there are at least 13 serogroups based on antigenic differences in the capsular polysaccharides; the ones causing most meningitis infections being A, B, C, Y, and W-135; each serogroup can be further classifed by serotype, serosubtype, and immunotype. |
| Concepts | Bacterium (T007) |
| MSH | D009345 |
| SnomedCT | 17872004 |
| English | Micrococcus intracellularis, Meningococcus, Neisseria meningitidis, N. meningitidis, neisseria menningitidis, Neisseria meningitidis (Albrecht and Ghon 1901) Murray 1929, Beta-Lactamase Negative Neisseria meningitidis, NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS, BETA-LACTAMASE NEGATIVE NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS, meningitidis n, meningitidis neisseria, meningococcus, n. meningitidis, neisseria meningitidis, Diplokokkus intracellularis meningitidis, Micrococcus meningitidis, Micrococcus meningitidis cerebrospinalis, Neisseria weichselbaumii, Neisseria intracellularis, Neisseria meningitidis (organism) |
| French | Meningococcus, Méningocoque, Neisseria meningitidis |
| Swedish | Neisseria meningitidis |
| Czech | Neisseria meningitidis |
| Finnish | Meningokokki |
| Italian | Meningococco, Neisseria meningitidis |
| Russian | MENINGOKOKKI, NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS, МЕНИНГОКОККИ |
| Japanese | 髄膜炎菌, ナイセリア･メニンジティディス, ナイセリアメニンギチジス |
| Croatian | NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS |
| Polish | Dwoinki zapalenia opon mózgowych, Ziarenkowce oponowe, Neisseria meningitidis, Meningokoki |
| Spanish | Neisseria meningitidis (organismo), meningococo, Neisseria meningitidis, Meningococcus |
| German | Meningokokkus, Neisseria meningitidis |
| Dutch | Meningococcus, Meningokokken, Neisseria meningitidis |
| Portuguese | Meningococcus, Neisseria meningitidis |
| Sources |
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System) |