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Cranial Nerve 12Aka: Cranial Nerve XII, Hypoglossal Nerve, CN 12

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  1. Course
    1. Arises in medulla
    2. Passes through hypoglossal canal beside foramen magnum
    3. Courses downward with neurovascular structures
      1. Internal Carotid Artery
      2. Jugular vein
      3. Vagus Nerve
    4. Curves forward behind mandible to lingual root
  2. Physiology
    1. Motor Nerve to the Tongue
  3. Exam
    1. Patient protrudes Tongue in midline
      1. Unilateral paralysis causes deviation to weak side
      2. Observe for Tremor, atrophy, fasciculations
    2. Test lingual speech, by having patient say:
      1. "Round the rugged rock the ragged rascal ran"
      2. "Third riding artillery brigade"

Hypoglossal nerve structure (C0020614)

Definition (MSH)The 12th cranial nerve. The hypoglossal nerve originates in the hypoglossal nucleus of the medulla and supplies motor innervation to all of the muscles of the tongue except the palatoglossus (which is supplied by the vagus). This nerve also contains proprioceptive afferents from the tongue muscles.
Definition (CSP)twelfth cranial nerve; originates in the hypoglossal nucleus of the medulla and supplies motor innervation to all of the muscles of the tongue except the palatoglossus (which is supplied by the vagus); also contains proprioceptive afferents from the tongue muscles.
ConceptsBody Part, Organ, or Organ Component (T023)
MSHD007002
EnglishCranial nerve XII, Cranial Nerve XIIs, Hypoglossal Nerve, Hypoglossal nerve structure, Hypoglossal nerve tree, Hypoglossal Nerves, Twelfth Cranial Nerve, Twelfth Cranial Nerves
Spanishduodecimo nervio craneal, duodecimo par craneal, duodecimo par craneano, estructura del nervio hipogloso, nervio craneal XII, nervio hipogloso, XII par craneal
Parent ConceptsCranial Nerves (C0010268), Peripheral Nervous System (C0206417), root (of UWDA hierarchy) (C0391807)
SourcesAOD, CSP, LCH, MSH, MTH, NCI, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT, UWDA
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)



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