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Floppy Infant
Aka: Floppy Infant, Hypotonic Infant, Infantile Hypotonia
- Signs: Perform complete physical examination
- Infant with decreased muscle tone
- Exam distinguishes site of disorder
- Upper motor neuron lesion
- Lower motor neuron lesion
- Differential Diagnosis: Upper Motor Neuron Causes
- Chromosomal
- Turner's Syndrome
- Down's Syndrome
- Prader-Willi Syndrome
- Infection
- Sepsis
- Meningitis
- Encephalitis
- Metabolic
- Hypocalcemia
- Hyponatremia
- Hypermagnesemia
- Hypoglycemia
- Hypothyroidism
- Aminoaciduria
- Gangliosidoses
- Hepatic Encephalopathy or Reye's Syndrome
- Toxin
- Drug Intoxication (e.g. Alcohol, Narcotic)
- Heavy metal Poisoning
- Organophosphate Poisoning
- Anticholinergic exposure
- Perinatal trauma
- Perinatal asphyxia (HIE)
- Hemorrhage
- Differential Diagnosis: Lower Motor Neuron Causes
- Brainstem or spine
- Spinal muscular atrophy (Anterior Horn Cell Disorder)
- Infection
- Poliomyelitis
- Coxsackie Virus
- Neuromuscular Junction
- Congenital Myasthenia Gravis
- Myasthenic syndrome
- Guillain Barre Syndrome
- Botulism
- Muscle
- Muscular Dystrophy
- Congenital Myopathy
- Inflammatory Myopathy
- Other
- Tick Paralysis
- Benign congenital hypotonia
- Radiology
- Head CT
- Head MRI
- Diagnostic Studies
- Electromyogram (EMG)
- Nerve Conduction Studies
- Labs: Initial
- Serum electrolytes
- Serum Calcium
- Serum Glucose
- Creatine Phosphokinase (CPK)
- Blood Culture
- Lumbar Puncture with Cerebrospinal Fluid Examination
- Thyroid Function Tests
- Labs: Test as indicated
- Toxicology screen
- Serum Ammonia and Venous pH
- Serum amino acids
- Urine amino acids and organic acid
- Karyotype
- TORCH Virus Screening