Pulmonology Book

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Dyspnea History

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  1. See Also
    1. Acute Dyspnea
    2. Chronic Dyspnea
    3. Dyspnea Causes
  2. Dyspnea Severity
    1. Exertional Dyspnea (early finding)
      1. Early finding in all Dyspnea
      2. Disproportionate Exertional Dyspnea
        1. Upper airway obstruction
        2. Exercise-Induced Asthma
        3. Severe Pulmonary Hypertension
    2. Dyspnea at rest
    3. Orthopnea (most severe, graded by number of pillows)
      1. Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea (CHF)
      2. Obesity
      3. Pulmonary Hypertension
      4. Diaphragmatic paralysis
  3. Dyspnea Timing
    1. Nocturnal Dyspnea
      1. Asthma
      2. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
      3. Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
    2. Orthopnea or Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea
      1. Congestive Heart Failure
      2. Emphysema
    3. Postprandial Dyspnea
      1. Gastroesophageal Reflux disease
      2. Aspiration
      3. Food Allergy
  4. Dyspnea Contributing Factors
    1. Medications
      1. See Medication Causes of Dyspnea
    2. Tobacco Abuse
      1. Emphysema
      2. Chronic Bronchitis
      3. Asthma
    3. Occupational exposure to dust, Asbestos, or volatiles
      1. Interstitial Lung Disease
    4. Organic dust exposure
      1. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
  5. Associated conditions
    1. Allergic Rhinitis, Wheezing, or atopic Family History
      1. Asthma
    2. Anxiety, Lightheadedness, finger and perioral tingling
      1. Panic Attack
      2. Hyperventilation
    3. Chest trauma
      1. Pneumothorax
      2. Chest Wall pain
    4. Immunocompromised condition (e.g. AIDS)
      1. Aspergillus
      2. Coccidioidomycosis
      3. Cytomegalovirus
      4. Legionella
      5. Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia
      6. Tuberculosis
  6. Characteristics and Associated Symptoms
    1. Pleuritic Chest Pain
      1. Pericarditis
      2. Pulmonary Embolism
      3. Pneumothorax
      4. Pneumonia
    2. Dysphagia
      1. Gastroesophageal Reflux
      2. Aspiration Pneumonia
    3. Persistent Cough
      1. Asthma
      2. Pneumonia
      3. Congestive Heart Failure
      4. Gastroesophageal Reflux
    4. Hemoptysis
      1. Lung Cancer
      2. Pneumonia
      3. Bronchiectasis
      4. Mitral Stenosis
      5. Arteriovenous malformation
  7. References
    1. Braithwaite in Marx (2002) Rosen Emergency Med, p. 155
    2. Morgan (1998) Am Fam Physician 57:711

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