Pulmonology Book

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Pneumomediastinum

Aka: Pneumomediastinum
  1. Pathophysiology
    1. Spontaneous rupture of alveolus or bleb
    2. Results from increased pressure gradient
      1. Negative (Inhalation)
      2. Positive (Valsalva)
    3. Air tracks along vessels and Bronchi
    4. Air coalesces in mediastinum
  2. Causes
    1. Inhalation Drug Use (e.g. Huffing)
    2. Asthma
    3. Coughing
    4. Vomiting
    5. Weight lifting
    6. Parturition
  3. Symptoms
    1. Sore Throat
    2. Dyspnea
    3. Pleuritic Chest Pain
      1. Worse with lying
      2. Better with sitting
  4. Signs
    1. Subcutaneous Emphysema
    2. Hamman's crunch (50%)
  5. Differential Diagnosis
    1. Esophageal Perforation
    2. Tension Pneumomediastinum
    3. Pneumothorax
  6. Radiology: Chest XRay
    1. As many as 50% Pneumomediastinum cases missed on PA
    2. Review Lateral Chest XRay carefully
  7. Disposition
    1. Intensive Care Unit Admission

Mediastinal Emphysema (C0025062)

Definition (MSH) Presence of air in the mediastinal tissues due to leakage of air from the tracheobronchial tree, usually as a result of trauma.
Concepts Pathologic Function (T046)
MSH D008478
ICD10 J98.2
SnomedCT 390899006, 196144009, 16838000, 155627006, 266411000
English Emphysema, Mediastinal, Emphysemas, Mediastinal, Mediastinal Emphysema, Mediastinal Emphysemas, Pneumomediastinum, MEDIASTINAL EMPHYSEMA, PNEUMOMEDIASTINUM, mediastinal emphysema (diagnosis), mediastinal emphysema, Mediastinal Emphysema [Disease/Finding], Mediastinal emphysema, Mediastinal emphysema (disorder), pneumomediastinum, emphysema; mediastinal, mediastinal; emphysema, Mediastinal emphysema [Ambiguous], Pmeumomediastinum
Dutch mediastinaal emfyseem, emfyseem; mediastinaal, mediastinaal; emfyseem, pneumomediastinum, Emfyseem, mediastinum-, Mediastinumemfyseem, Pneumomediastinum
German mediastinales Emphysem, Emphysem, Mediastinal-, Mediastinalemphysem, Pneumomediastinum
Italian Enfisema del mediastino, Pneumomediastino, Enfisema mediastinico
Portuguese Enfisema do mediastino, Pneumomediastino, Enfisema Mediastínico
Spanish Enfisema mediastínico, Pmeumomediastinum, Pneumomediastinum, Mediastinal emphysema [Ambiguous], Mediastinal emphysema, enfisema mediastinal, neumomediastino, enfisema del mediastino (trastorno), enfisema del mediastino, enfisema mediastínico, Pneumomediastino, Enfisema Mediastínico, Neumomediastino, Enfisema Mediastinico
Japanese 気縦隔症, ｼﾞｭｳｶｸｷｼｭ, ｷｼﾞｭｳｶｸｼｮｳ, 気腫-縦隔, 縦隔気腫
Swedish Mediastinalt emfysem
Czech mediastinum - emfyzém, pneumomediastinum, Pneumomediastinum, Mediastinální emfyzém
Finnish Välikarsinan ilmapöhö
Russian PNEVMOMEDIASTINUM, EMFIZEMA MEDIASTINAL'NAIA, SREDOSTENIIA EMFIZEMA, ПНЕВМОМЕДИАСТИНУМ, СРЕДОСТЕНИЯ ЭМФИЗЕМА, ЭМФИЗЕМА МЕДИАСТИНАЛЬНАЯ
Croatian SREDOPRSJE, EMFIZEM, EMFIZEM MEDIJASTINUMA, MEDIJASTINUM, EMFIZEM
Polish Odma śródpiersiowa
Hungarian Mediastinalis emphysema, Pneumomediastinum
French Pneumomédiastin, Emphysème du médiastin, Emphysème médiastinal
Sources
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


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