Pulmonology Book

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Emphysema

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  1. Definition
    1. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
    2. "Lung Dry Rot"
      1. Alveolar distention
      2. Destruction of alveolar septae
  2. Type
    1. Panacinar
      1. Affects both central and peripheral portions acinus
    2. Centriacinar
      1. Affects primarily bronchioles and alveolar ducts
      2. Minimal involvement of peripheral acini
  3. Symptoms
    1. Scant Sputum production
    2. Exertional Dyspnea
  4. Signs
    1. "Pink Puffer"
      1. Thin, dyspneic patient with mild Hypoxia
      2. Contrast with "Blue Bloater" of Chronic Bronchitis
    2. Tachypnea
    3. Prolonged expiration
    4. Hyperresonant chest
    5. Diminished breath sounds
  5. Labs
    1. Arterial Blood Gas (ABG)
      1. Slightly decreased arterial pO2
      2. Slightly decreased arterial pCO2
    2. Pulmonary Function Tests
      1. FEV1 reduced
      2. Diffusion capacity (DLCO) reduced
  6. Radiology: Chest XRay
    1. Hyperinflated lungs
  7. Management
    1. SEE COPD Management
    2. Lung reduction surgery
      1. Removal of most severely damaged lung (n=20)
      2. Increased mean lung elastic recoil by 27%
      3. Increased FEV1
      4. Increased FVC
      5. Reduced FRC and RV
      6. Improved walking capacity
    3. References
      1. Sciurba (1996) N Engl J Med 334:1095
  8. Complications
    1. Cor Pulmonale
    2. Hypercapnic respiratory failure
  9. References
    1. Wilson (1991) Harrison IM, McGraw-Hill, p.1074-82
    2. Martinez (1998) Postgrad Med 103(4):112

Pulmonary Emphysema (C0034067)

Definition (MSH)A subcategory of CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE. The disease is characterized by anatomic alterations of the lungs, such as the enlargement of airspaces and destruction of alveolar walls.
Definition (CSP)subcategory of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; characterized by anatomic alterations of the lungs, such as the enlargement of airspaces and destruction of alveolar walls.
Definition (NCI)Pulmonary emphysema is a disorder affecting the alveoli (tiny air sacs) of the lungs. The transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs takes place in the walls of the alveoli. In emphysema, the alveoli become abnormally inflated, damaging their walls and making it harder to breathe. People who smoke or have chronic bronchitis have an increased risk of emphysema.
Definition (NCI)A condition of the lung characterized by increase beyond normal in the size of air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles, either from dilatation of the alveoli or from destruction of their walls.
Definition (NCI)A subcategory of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It occurs in people who smoke and suffer from chronic bronchitis. It is characterized by inflation of the alveoli, alveolar wall damage, and reduction in the number of alveoli, resulting in difficulty breathing. Alveoli are the vital lung structures where the transfer of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place. -- 2004
ConceptsDisease or Syndrome (T047)
ICD9492
BasqueENFISEMA/ BRONKONEUMOPATIA KRONIKO OBSTRUKTIBOA
DanishEmfysem/kronisk obst lungesygdom
DutchEmfyseem/COPD
EnglishEMPHYSEMA, Emphysema of lung, EMPHYSEMA PULM, EMPHYSEMA PULMONARY, Emphysema/COPD, EMPHYSEMAS PULM, PULM EMPHYSEMA, PULM EMPHYSEMAS, Pulmonary emphysema, Pulmonary Emphysemas
FrenchEmphyseme/BPCO/MPCO
GermanEmphysem/chron obstrukt Lungenkr
Hebrewmaxalat reot xasimatit
Hungarianemphysema
ItalianEnfisema/BPCO
NorwegianEMFYSEM/KRON OBSTRUKTIV LUNGESYKD
PortugueseEnfisema/DPCO
Spanishenfisema de pulmón, enfisema de pulmon, enfisema pulmonar, Enfisema/E.P.O.C.
SwedishEMFYSEM/KRONISK OBSTRUKTIV LUNGSJKD
CreditsDerived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)



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