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Rubella

Aka: Rubella, Third Viral Exanthem of Childhood, German Measles
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  1. Etiology
    1. Rubivirus (Togaviridae, pleomorphic RNA virus)
  2. Epidemiology
    1. Incidence of Rubella cases
      1. U.S. Cases in 1964-5: 12 million cases
      2. U.S. Cases in 2000: 176 cases
    2. Incidence of congenital Rubella cases
      1. U.S. Cases in 1964-5: 20,000 cases
      2. U.S. Cases in 2000: 9 cases
  3. Pathophysiology: Transmission:
    1. Person to person via oral droplets
    2. Vertical transmission results in congenital Rubella
    3. Up to 60% transmission in susceptible family
  4. Symptoms
    1. Mild Upper Respiratory Infection symptoms
  5. Signs
    1. Mild Fever
    2. Significantly tender Lymphadenopathy
      1. Retroauricular, posterior, post-occipital
    3. Rash
      1. Initially, exanthem may cover Soft Palate and face
      2. Later, rash begins on face and spreads, covers trunk
      3. Maculopapular rash with areas of confluence, Flushing
      4. Mild Pruritus
      5. Rash usually clears by Day 3
  6. Complications
    1. Encephalitis (1 case per 6,000 cases)
      1. Mortality from Encephalitis approaches 20%
    2. Thrombocytopenia (1 case per 3000 Rubella cases)
    3. Congenital Rubella Syndrome
      1. Rubella is one of the TORCH Viruses
      2. Pregnant women should avoid Rubella exposure
        1. Avoid throughout pregnancy (especially early)
        2. Avoid exposure to infants with congenital Rubella
          1. Very high risk due to prolonged shedding
  7. Management: High risk exposure occurs early in pregnancy
    1. Consider therapeutic abortion
    2. Give Rubella Immunoglobulin
  8. Prevention
    1. Primary Series
      1. Immunization at Ages 12-15 months, and 4-6 years
    2. Preconception Counseling
      1. Test Rubella Immunity
      2. Vaccinate women not immune to Rubella

Rubella (C0035920)

Definition (MSHFRE) Maladie infectieuse aiguë, généralement bénigne, due au virus de la rubéole. Elle affecte principalement les enfants ainsi que les jeunes adultes non immunisés. Le virus se transmet par voie respiratoire par l'intermédiaire de gouttelettes salivaires puis il gagne le système lymphatique. (Extr. Dorland, 27ème éd.)
Definition (MSH) An acute infectious disease caused by the RUBELLA VIRUS. The virus enters the respiratory tract via airborne droplet and spreads to the LYMPHATIC SYSTEM.
Definition (MEDLINEPLUS)

Rubella is an illness with flu-like symptoms followed by a rash. Common symptoms include

  • Low-grade fever
  • Headache
  • Runny nose
  • Red eyes
  • Muscle or joint pain

Rubella is usually mild. You may get it and not even know it. However, adults who get rubella often feel sicker than children do. The biggest danger of rubella is if a woman gets it during the first 20 weeks of pregnancy. She may lose the baby, or the virus could cause problems to her unborn baby. Those problems could include cataracts, deafness or damage to the heart or brain.

A virus causes rubella. It can spread from one person to another through the air or through close contact with someone who has it. There is no treatment for rubella, but the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine can prevent it.
Definition (CSP) acute infectious disease caused by the rubella virus and most often affecting children and nonimmune young adults, in which the virus enters the respiratory tract via droplet nuclei and spreads to the lymphatic system; usually benign; however transplacental infection of the fetus in the first trimester can cause death or severe developmental abnormalities (congenital rubella syndrome).
Concepts Disease or Syndrome (T047)
MSH D012409
ICD9 056
ICD10 B06, B06.9
SnomedCT 36653000, 154343004, 266192003
English Measles, German, Rubellas, GERMAN MEASLES, RUBELLA, THIRD DISEASE, Rubella, NOS, rubella (diagnosis), rubella, three-day measles, rubella (German measles), Three day measles, Rubella NOS, Rubella [German measles], Rubella [Disease/Finding], Three Day Measle, Three Day Measles, Measles, Three Day, Measle, Three Day, third disease, german measle, german measles rubella, German measles, Rubella (disorder), German Measles, Rubella, german measles
Dutch rubella, Rode hond, rodehond, Rubella [rodehond], Rodehond, Rubella
Italian Morbillo tedesco, Rosolia
Spanish Sarampión alemán, German measles, Rubella, Rubeola, Sarampión Alemán, rubéola (trastorno), rubéola, sarampión alemán, Rubéola, Rubéola (Sarampión Alemán), Rubeola (Sarampion Aleman), Sarampion Aleman
Swedish Röda hund, RODA HUND/RUBEOLA
Japanese ﾌｳｼﾝ, ドイツ麻疹, 風疹, 三日はしか, 三日麻疹, 流行性バラ疹, 麻疹-ドイツ
Czech zarděnky, Rubeola, Zarděnky, rubeola
Finnish Vihurirokko, VIHURIROKKO
Russian KRASNUKHA KOREVAIA, KRASNUKHA, КРАСНУХА, КРАСНУХА КОРЕВАЯ
Norwegian RODE HUNDER
Danish Rode hunde
German Roeteln [Rubeola] [Rubella], Roeteln, Measles, German, Röteln
Portuguese Rubeola, Rubéola, Rubéola (Sarampo Alemão), Sarampo Alemão
French Rubeole, Rubéole
Korean 풍진 [독일홍역]
Croatian RUBEOLA
Basque RUBEOLA
Hebrew ademet
Polish Różyczka
Hungarian Rózsahimlő, rubeola
Sources
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


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