Infectious Disease Book

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RubellaAka: Third Viral Exanthem of childhood, German Measles

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  1. Etiology
    1. Rubivirus (Togaviridae, pleomorphic RNA virus)
  2. Epidemiology
    1. Incidence of Rubella cases
      1. U.S. Cases in 1964-5: 12 million cases
      2. U.S. Cases in 2000: 176 cases
    2. Incidence of congenital Rubella cases
      1. U.S. Cases in 1964-5: 20,000 cases
      2. U.S. Cases in 2000: 9 cases
  3. Pathophysiology: Transmission:
    1. Person to person via oral droplets
    2. Vertical transmission results in congenital rubella
    3. Up to 60% transmission in susceptible family
  4. Symptoms
    1. Mild Upper Respiratory Infection symptoms
  5. Signs
    1. Mild Fever
    2. Significantly tender Lymphadenopathy
      1. Retroauricular, posterior, post-occipital
    3. Rash
      1. Initially, exanthem may cover Soft Palate and face
      2. Later, rash begins on face and spreads, covers trunk
      3. Maculopapular rash with areas of confluence, Flushing
      4. Mild Pruritus
      5. Rash usually clears by Day 3
  6. Complications
    1. Encephalitis (1 case per 6,000 cases)
      1. Mortality from Encephalitis approaches 20%
    2. Thrombocytopenia (1 case per 3000 rubella cases)
    3. Congenital Rubella Syndrome
      1. Rubella is one of the TORCH Viruses
      2. Pregnant women should avoid Rubella exposure
        1. Avoid throughout pregnancy (especially early)
        2. Avoid exposure to infants with congenital rubella
          1. Very high risk due to prolonged shedding
  7. Management: High risk exposure occurs early in pregnancy
    1. Consider therapeutic abortion
    2. Give Rubella Immunoglobulin
  8. Prevention
    1. Primary Series
      1. Immunization at Ages 12-15 months, and 4-6 years
    2. Preconception Counseling
      1. Test Rubella Immunity
      2. Vaccinate women not immune to Rubella

Rubella (C0035920)

Definition (MSH)An acute, usually benign, infectious disease caused by the RUBELLA VIRUS and most often affecting children and nonimmune young adults, in which the virus enters the respiratory tract via droplet nuclei and spreads to the lymphatic system. (From Dorland, 27th edition)
Definition (CSP)acute infectious disease caused by the rubella virus and most often affecting children and nonimmune young adults, in which the virus enters the respiratory tract via droplet nuclei and spreads to the lymphatic system; usually benign; however transplacental infection of the fetus in the first trimester can cause death or severe developmental abnormalities (congenital rubella syndrome).
ConceptsDisease or Syndrome (T047)
ICD9056
BasqueRUBEOLA
DanishRode hunde
DutchRode hond
EnglishGerman measles, Rubella, Rubellas, THIRD DISEASE
FinnishVIHURIROKKO
FrenchRubeole
GermanRoeteln
Hebrewademet
Hungarianrubeola
ItalianRosolia
NorwegianRODE HUNDER
PortugueseRubeola
Spanishrubéola, Rubeola, sarampión alemán, sarampion aleman
SwedishRODA HUND/RUBEOLA
CreditsDerived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Rubella virus vaccine (C0035923)

Definition (MSH)A live attenuated virus vaccine of duck embryo or human diploid cell tissue culture origin, used for routine immunization of children and for immunization of nonpregnant adolescent and adult females of childbearing age who are unimmunized and do not have serum antibodies to rubella. Children are usually immunized with measles-mumps-rubella combination vaccine. (Dorland, 28th ed)
Definition (HL7V3.0)rubella virus vaccine
ConceptsAmino Acid, Peptide, or Protein (T116) , Pharmacologic Substance (T121) , Immunologic Factor (T129)
EnglishGerman measles vaccine, German measles virus vaccine, rubella, Rubella live virus vaccine, Rubella Vaccine, Rubella vaccines, Rubella virus vaccine
Spanishvacuna antirrubeólica, vacuna antirrubeólica de virus vivo, vacuna antirrubeolica, vacuna antirrubeolica de virus vivo
CreditsDerived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)



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