Infectious Disease Book

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PentamidineAka: Pentam, NebuPent

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  1. Indications: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
    1. Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia Treatment
    2. Pneumocystis prophylaxis
  2. Dosing
    1. Pneumocystis Pneumonia Treatment
      1. Parenteral: 4 mg/kg/day IV or IM
    2. Pneumocystis prophylaxis
      1. Nebulized (NebuPent): 300 mg nebulized every 4 weeks
  3. Adverse Reactions
    1. Neutropenia (15%)
    2. Thrombocytopenia
    3. Hypocalcemia
    4. Nephrotoxicity and Renal insufficiency
    5. Hepatitis
    6. Pancreatitis
    7. Dysglycemia (20% treated for 3 weeks)
      1. Pentamidine causes pancreatic islet cell toxicity
      2. Hypoglycemia
      3. Hyperglycemia
    8. Gastrointestinal Upset (Nausea or Vomiting)
    9. Rash

Pentamidine (C0030863)

Definition (MSH)Antiprotozoal agent effective in trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and some fungal infections; used in treatment of PNEUMOCYSTIS pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. It may cause diabetes mellitus, central nervous system damage, and other toxic effects.
Definition (CSP)4,4-diamidino-alpha,omega-dephenoxypentane (HCl); effective against Pneumocystis carinii, a cause of AIDS related pneumonia.
Definition (PDQ)A synthetic derivative of amidine with antiprotozoal and antifungal activities. Although the precise mode of action of pentamidine is unclear, it appears to interact directly with the pathogen genome by binding to AT-rich regions of duplex DNA and the minor groove of DNA, thereby interfering with DNA replication. Check for "http://www.cancer.gov/Search/ClinicalTrialsLink.aspx?id=40324&idtype=1" active clinical trials or "http://www.cancer.gov/Search/ClinicalTrialsLink.aspx?id=40324&idtype=1&closed=1" closed clinical trials using this agent. ("http://nciterms.nci.nih.gov:80/NCIBrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI_Thesaurus&code=C731" NCI Thesaurus)
Definition (NCI)A synthetic derivative of amidine with antiprotozoal and antifungal activities. Although the precise mode of action of pentamidine is unclear, it appears to interact directly with the pathogen genome by binding to AT-rich regions of duplex DNA and the minor groove of DNA, thereby interfering with DNA replication. (NCI04)
ConceptsOrganic Chemical (T109) , Pharmacologic Substance (T121)
MSHD010419
EnglishAerosolized Pentamadine, Pentamidin, Pentamidine, PENTAMIDINE PREPARATION
Spanishpentamidina
Parent ConceptsAmidines (C0002483), Antiprotozoal Agents (C0003416), Antiviral Agents (C0003451), Benzamidines (C0005030), Antifungal Agents (C0003308), [AM900] ANTI-INFECTIVES, OTHER (C0973485), [AP109] ANTIPROTOZOALS, OTHER (C0973489), Diamidine antiprotozoal (C0360405), Drug allergen (C1320237), Antiprotozoals (Non-antimalarials) (C1579412)
SourcesCSP, MSH, MTH, NCI, NDFRT, PDQ, RXNORM, SCTSPA, SNOMEDCT, USPMG, VANDF
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


NebuPent (C0722005)

ConceptsOrganic Chemical (T109) , Pharmacologic Substance (T121)
MSHD010419
EnglishAmerican Pharmaceutical Partners Brand 1 of Pentamidine Isethionate, NebuPent
SourcesMSH, RXNORM
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)


Pentam (C1518952)

ConceptsOrganic Chemical (T109) , Pharmacologic Substance (T121)
MSHD010419
EnglishAmerican Pharmaceutical Partners Brand 2 of Pentamidine Isethionate, Pentam
SourcesMSH, NCI
Derived from the NIH UMLS (Unified Medical Language System)



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